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#301

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 80. И еще одна. Неправильные глаголы (5)

5. Несколько очень распространенных глаголов образует форму прошедшего времени и причастия похожим образом (во всех случаях окончание произносится [-o:t].

bring-brought приносить
She brings it here every morning она приносит это сюда каждое утро – she brought it again она опять это принесла – а good catch was brought to shore они привезли богатый улов.

think-thought думать
I often think about it я часто думаю об этом – I thought about it я думал об этом – I had thought of staying here, but I changed my mind я собирался здесь остаться, но передумал.

buy-bought покупать
I often buy new shirts я часто покупаю новые рубашки – I bought a new shirt я купил новую рубашку – all this was bought with my hard-earned money это всё куплено на мои честно заработанные деньги.

catch-caught ловить
The police catches criminals полиция ловит преступников – the police caught the criminal полиция поймала преступника – we were caught in the rain мы попали под дождь.

fight-fought сражаться
They always fight right to the end они всегда борются до самого конца – they fought right to the end они боролись до самого конца – the battle was fought by the river бой происходил у реки.

teach-taught учить
She teaches me English она учит меня английскому – she taught me English она учила меня английскому – were you taught the proper use of this machine? вас научили, как обращаться с этой машиной?.

Один глагол этой группы употребляется несколько реже:

seek-sought искать
They often seek his help они часто обращаются к нему за помощью – they sought his help они обратились к нему за помощью (в разговорной речи обычно употребляется look for/search).
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#302

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Unit 81. Неправильные глаголы (6)

До этого глаголы или уже имели окончание –d/t или оно добавлялось в результате изменения формы. При этом форма причастия совпадала с формой прошедшего времени. И есть еще две группы глаголов, где это не так (или не всегда так – во второй).



6. . В этой группе форма причастия заканчивается на –n и похожа или на основную форму или на форму прошедшего времени (и для большинства форма прошедшего времени не имеет окончания –d/t):

choose-chose-chosen [ˈtʃəʊzən] выбирать
I choose books for reading carefully я тщательно выбираю книги для чтения – I chose a few books in the library я выбрал несколько книг в библиотеке – I have chosen a book я выбрал книгу.

steal-stole-stolen красть
The boy steals apples мальчик крадет яблоки – the boy stole an apple мальчик украл яблоко – he has stolen an apple он украл яблоко.

freeze-frose-frosen замерзать
All the pipes freeze every winter все водопроводные трубы замерзают зимой – all the pipes froze last winter в прошлую зиму замёрзли все водопроводные трубы – the lake is frozen озеро замерзло.

speak-spoke-spoken говорить
She always speaks to her son in a gentle tone она всегда говорит с сыном мягким тоном – she spoke to her son in a gentle tone она говорила с сыном мягким тоном – I haven't spoken Russian for years я уже много лет не говорил по-русски.

break-broke-broken ломать
I often break my glasses я часто разбиваю свои очки – I broke my glasses я разбил свои очки – the mirror was broken to bits зеркало разбилось вдребезги.

wake-woke-woken просыпаться, будить
I wake up very early я просыпаюсь очень рано – I woke up very early today я сегодня проснулся очень рано – I was woken by his loud snores я проснулся от его громкого храпа.

know-knew-known знать
I know it я знаю это – I knew it я знал это – this was soon known to everyone это скоро стало известно всем.

grow-grew-grown расти
He grows very fast он растет очень быстро – he grew very fast он рос очень быстро – your son sure has grown in a year! как ваш сын вырос за этот год!

throw-threw-thrown бросать
He never throws anything away он никогда ничего не выбрасывает – he threw everything away он выбросил все – hewas finally thrown out of the restaurant в конце концов его вышвырнули из ресторана.

blow-blew-blown дуть
Around here, a breeze blows from the mountains even on hot days тут даже в жаркие дни дует ветерок с гор – a breezeblew from the mountains ветерок дул с гор – the telephone wires were blown down by the storm. телефонные провода были сорваны бурей

draw-drew-drawn [drɔːn] тащить; рисовать
He often draws maps during his lesson он часто рисует карты на своих уроках – he drew a big map он нарисовал большую карту – this circle was drawn by a compass этот круг был начерчен циркулем.

fly-flew-flown летать
Planes fly over the village самолеты летают над деревней – the plane flew over the village самолет пролетел над деревней – have you flown before? Вы уже летали когда-нибудь?

write-wrote-written [ˈrɪtən] писать
She writes books она пишет книги – she wrote a book она написала книгу – this book was written by a Frenchman эта книга была написана французом.

ride-rode-ridden ехать (верхом)
I ride a little every day я немного катаюсь верхом каждый день – I rode a little yesterday я вчера немного покатался верхом – he has ridden horses all his life он всю свою жизнь ездил верхом.

eat-ate-eaten есть
I eat apples я ем яблоки – I ate an apple я съел яблоко – he hasn't eaten for two days я уже два дня ничего не ел.

rise-rose-risen подниматься
All the students rise when he comes in все студенты встают, когда он входит – all the students rose when he came in все студенты встали, когда он вошел – the sun has already risen солнце уже встало.

drive-drove-driven везти
My friend drives me home every evening мой друг отвозит меня домой каждый вечер – my friend drove me home in his new car мой друг отвёз меня домой на своей новой машине – the car was driven by a woman машиной правила женщина.

shake-shook-shaken трясти
He always shakes my hand warmly он всегда дружески жмет мне руку – he shook my hand warmly он дружески пожал мне руку – the wind has shaken all the leaves off the trees ветер сорвал все листья с деревьев.

take-took-taken брать
She often takes him with her она часто берет его с собой – she took him with her она взяла его с собой – is this seat taken? это место занято?

wear [wɛə] -wore-worn [wɔːrn] носить
She always wears dark dresses она всегда носит тёмные платья – she wore a dark dress на ней было темное платье – I've never worn black shoes я никогда не носил обуви черного цвета.

bear-bore-born/borne носить, вынашивать
This tree bears good peaches это дерево даёт хорошие персики – this tree bore good peaches это дерево давало хорошие персики – I was born in May я родился в мае.

tear-tore-torn рвать
She tears all her old letters она рвет все свои старые письма – she tore a letter она порвала письмо – I've torn the leg of my trousers я порвал себе штанину.

swear-swore-sworn клясться
I swear I'll stop drinking клянусь, что брошу пить – I swore I'd stop drinking я поклялся, что брошу пить – has the witness been sworn in? свидетель уже был приведён к присяге?

fall-fell-fallen падать
He often falls in love он часто влюбляется – he fell in love он влюбился – he has fallen very much in love with her он здорово влюбился в нее.

give-gave-given давать
I give my old clothes away я раздаю мои старые вещи – I gave my old clothes away я раздал мои старые вещи – what is being given at the opera today? Что сегодня дают в опере?

see-saw-seen видеть
I see her я вижу ее – I saw her yesterday я видел ее вчера – You've probably seen that already вы вероятно уже видели это.

lie-lay-lain лежать
She often lies on this sofa она часто лежит на этом диване она часто лежит на этом диване – she lay on the sofa она лежала на диване – have you lain there all day? вы пролежали там весь день?

hide-hid-hidden прятать
He always hides all his money он всегда прячет все свои деньги – he hid his money он спрятал свои деньги – have you hidden anything? Вы ничего не скрываете?

bite-bit-bitten/bit кусать
This dog bites эта собака кусается – the dog bit him собака укусила его – he was bitten by a snake его ужалила змея.

get-got-gotten (ˈɡɒtən) /got
It gets dark earlier and earlier теперь темнеет всё раньше и раньше – it got dark стало темно – I've finally gotten my divorce наконец-то я получил развод..

И несколько таки глаголов встречаются относительно редко:

tread-trod-trodden ступать, топтать
strive - strove – striven стараться
slay - slew – slain убивать
stride-strode-stridden шагать
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#303

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 82. Неправильные глаголы (7)

И далее.
7. И фактически последняя группа, в которой формы прошедшего времени и причастие образуются чередованием гласных (окончание -d/t отсутствует вообще).

sing-sang-sung петь
She sings very well она очень хорошо поет – she sang very well она пела очень хорошо – I've never sung this before я никогда раньше этого не пел.

ring-rang-rung звенеть
The bell rings on the hour звонок звонит в начале каждого часа – the bell rang звонок прозвенел – she should have rung me at five она должна был мне звонить в пять.

drink-drank-drunk пить
Sometimes I drink beer иногда я пью пиво – I drank a bottle of beer я выпил бутылку пива – have the children drunk their milk yet? Дети уже выпили своё молоко?

swim-swam-swum плавать
She swims in the lake она плавает в этом озере – she swam in the lake она плавала в озере – they've swum a long way они проплыли большое расстояние.

begin-began-begun начинать
The show begins at 7 концерт начинается в семь – the show began at 7 концерт начался в семь – our regular studies have begun already у нас уже начались регулярные занятия.

run-ran-run бежать
He runs in the park every evening он бегает в парке каждый вечер – he ran in the park yesterday он вчера бегал в парке.

come-came-come приходить
She comes every morning она приходит каждое утро – she came early она пришла рано – the visitors have come гости пришли.



Эти глаголы употребляются несколько реже:

spring-sprang-sprung подскакивать
He springs to his feet every time the phone rings он вскакивает на ноги каждый раз, когда звонит телефон – hesprang to his feet он вскочил на ноги.

sink-sank-sunk погружаться
Boats often sink here лодки часто тонут здесь – the boat sank to the bottom лодка пошла ко дну – if we don't make town by tonight, we're sunk если мы к вечеру не доберёмся до города, мы пропали.

shrink-shrank-shrunk сокращаться

И надо учитывать, что форму swum, например, можно услышать крайне редко (по крайней мере в США) – этот глагол не особо употребляется в совершенной форме или пассиве.

И еще несколько глаголов имеют формы, построенные по похожему принципу, но форма прошедшего времени совпадает с причастием. Причем у глагола stink особая форма прошедшего времени сохранилась и возможны два варианта:

stink-stank/stunk-stunk вонять

У глагола spin форма span есть, но звучит архаично, а в прошлом, скорее всего, были и формы dag, clang, swang, stang, strang и т.п., но и здесь английский язык пошел по пути упрощения.

hang-hung висеть/вешать (в значении "казнить" это правильный глагол)
The dress hangs well on you это платье хорошб на вас сидит – I think you hung the picture upside down вы, кажется, повесили картину вверх ногами – some flypaper ought to be hung in the kitchen надо повесить в кухне липучку от мух.

strike-struck ударять
The clock strikes every half hour часы бьют каждые полчаса – the clock struck nine часы пробили девять – I was struck by the total absence of sincerity in his speech меня поразило полное отсутсвие искренности в его речи.

stick-stuck вонзать, тыкать; приклеивать
This key often sticks in the lock этот ключ часто застревает в замке – the key stuck in the lock ключ застрял в замке – I'm afraid I'll be stuck in the place forever боюсь, что застряну здесь навсегда

dig-dug копать
These workers dig ditches эти рабочие копают канавы – the workers dug a ditch рабочие выкопали канаву – have you dug the ditch yet? вы уже вырыли колодец?

win-won [wʌn] побеждать
He always wins он всегда побеждает – he won он победил – he has won great honor он добился больших почестей.

swing-swung качаться
The needle swings from the right to the left стрелка качается справа налево – the needle swung to the left стрелка качнулась влево.

fling-flung бросать
If it doesn't work, just fling it out если она не работает, просто выброси - he flung open the door он распахнул дверь.

И несколько таких глаголов употребляются не слишком часто:

sting-stung-stung жалить
Bees and wasps sting пчелы и осы жалят – the bee stung him пчела ужалила его – be careful you don't get stung by a bee смотрите, чтобы вас пчела не ужалила.

cling-clung цепляться
The child always clings to his mother's hand этот ребенок всегда цепляется за руку матери – the child clung to his mother's hand ребенок цеплялся за руку матери.

string-strung натягивать
These workers string the electrical wires эти рабочие натягивают электрический провод – they strung the electrical wire from pole to pole они натянули электрический провод между столбами – the policemen were strung out along the sidewalk полицейские были расставлены вдоль тротуара..

spin-spun крутить This wheel spins fast это колесо крутится быстро – the wheel spun колесо крутилось.

stink-stunk
It stinks of fish in here здесь воняет рыбой – it stank/stunk of fish воняло рыбой.

sling-slung бросать, швырять
Sling me the keys брось мне ключи - he slung his rifle over his shoulder он надел винтовку на плечо - he was slung out of the pub его вышвырнули из пивной.

wring-wrung скручивать, выжимать
slink-slunk проскальзывать, красться
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#304

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Unit 83. Неправильные глаголы (8)

И почти последнее по неправильным глаголам.

8.. И несколько глаголов (все они очень "популярные") имеют некоторые отличительные особенности, поэтому их можно выделить особо бе отнесения к группам. Например, у глагола go/went форма прошедшего времени (как и у русского идти/шел) вообще совершенно непохожа на форму настоящего времени, а у глагола stand/stood при образовании формы прошедшего времени выпадает буква 'n'.

go-went-gone идти
She often goes there она часто ходит туда – she went there она пошла туда – the coffee is all gone кофе весь вышел.

do-did-done делать
He does everything the wrong way он все делает наперекосяк – he did everything the wrong way он все сделал наперекосяк – she has done her work well она сделала свою работу хорошо.

be-was/were-been быть
Be an angel and fetch my spectacles будь добр, принеси, пожалуйста мои очки - sure enough he was there разумеется, он там был/ the fire brigade were there in full force пожарная команда была в полном составе - I've been here several times я несколько раз бывал здесь

stand-stood стоять
The house stands apart from the others. этот дом стоит в стороне от других – the house stood apart from the others. этот дом стоял в стороне от других – the old clock has stood on the shelf for years эти старые часы уже много лет стоят тут на полке.

hear-heard [hɜːrd] слышать
I hear it from everyone я это ото всех слышу – I heard it with my own ears я это слышал своими ушами – have you heard any mention of him recently? вы что-нибудь слышали о нём за последнее время?

beat-beat-beaten бить
She never beats her son она никогда не бьет своего сына – she beat her son она побила своего сына – they were beaten in the game они были побиты в этой игре.

У двух глаголов последняя согласная меняется на -d:
make-made делать
Не makes so many mistakes он делает так много ошибок – he made a mistake он сделал ошибку – have you made any new business contacts? вы установило какие-нибудь новые деловые связи?.

have-had иметь
We have a house у нас есть дом – we had a house у нас был дом – he has had good training он получил хорошую подготовку.

В этом случае нужно обратить внимание на произношение:
say - said [sed] говорить
What you say now does not accord with what you said before ваши слова расходятся с тем, что вы говорили раньше.
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#305

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 84. Неправильные глаголы (9)

И последнее.
9. И, наконец, есть довольно значительное количество глаголов, которые можно назвать "условно неправильными", потому что там ничего запоминать особо и не надо. Это важно, так как, повторюсь, количество тех неправильных глаголов, которые надо заучивать, очень часто сильно преувеличивают.

Во-первых, у некоторых таких глаголов форма прошедшего времени и причастия отличается лишь незначительной разницей в написании (и иногда некоторой особенностью произношения) причем обычно правильная форма тоже возможна (это зависит и от диалекта – британский или американский):

dream - dreamed/dreamt [dremt] мечтать
lean - leaned /leant [lent] опираться, прислоняться
leap - leaped / leapt [lept] прыгать

learn - learned/ learnt учить
burn - burned/burnt жечь
speed- speeded/sped ускорять(ся)
spell - spelled/ spelt писать по буквам
spoil - spoiled/ spoilt портить
spill - spilled/ spilt проливать
dwell - dwelled/ dwelt обитать
kneel-kneeled/ knelt стоять на коленях
smell - smelled/ smelt пахнуть; нюхать

lay - laid класть
pay - paid платить

И для некоторых глаголов образование неправильных форм происходит так же, как в уже известных группах, поэтому, когда встречаешь такие формы в каком-либо тексте, это особых сложностей не вызывает, а употреблять их самому совершенно необязательно, так допустимо употребление и правильных форм (в отдельных случая это зависит от значения глагола, но это уж тонкости):

shine-shined/ shone – shined/shone сиять
dive - dived/dove - dived нырять

thrive - thrived/ throve - thrived/ thriven расцветать, преуспевать
cleave-cleaved /cleft/ clove –cleaved/cleft/ cloven раскалывать
shrive - shrived /shrove- shrived / shriven съеживаться
weave weaved/ wove- weaved/ woven ткать

prove- proved - proved/proven доказывать
show-showed - showed/ shown показывать
swell-swelled - swelled/ swollen набухать

sow - sow - sowed/sown сеять
mow - mowed - mowed/mown косить
sew - sewed - sewed/sewn шить
saw sawed - sawed/sawn пилить
shear - sheared - sheard/shorn стричь
strew strewed - strewd/strewn посыпать
hew - hewed/hewn рубить

Во вторых, глаголы, образованные от неправильных с помощью приставок, "повторяют" изменение форм, так что и тут ничего нового нет:

forget-forgot-forgotten (get-got-gotten)
forbid forbade forbidden (bid-bade-bidden)
overrun – overran – overrun (run-ran-run)
oversee – oversaw – overseen (see-saw-seen)
forgive – forgave – forgiven (give-gave-given)
\
И т.д. и т.п. – таких глаголов довольно много.
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#306

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Unit 85. Неправильные глаголы (10)

И подведу итог по неправильным глаголам.


Можно сказать, что образование форм неправильных глаголов подчиняется своим "миниправилам".
То есть, для глаголов put/let/cut/cost/hit/set/shut и т.п. правило состоит в том, что они свою форму не меняют, для send/spend/lend/bend/build – что конечное d меняется на t, для bring/think/buy/catch/fight/teach – что, начиная с первого гласного, все окончание меняется на -ought/aught, и т.п.

И можно выделить восемь групп.

1. put-put/ let-let/ cost-cost/ cut-cut/ hit-hit…
2. send-sent/ spend-spent/ lend-lent/ bend-bent…
3. meet-met/ read-read/ lead-led/ feed-fed/ light-lit/ slide-slid…
4. sell-sold/ tell-told/ feel-felt/ deal-dealt/ sleep-slept/ keep-kept/ lose-lost…
5. bring-brought/ think-thought/ buy-bought/ catch-caught…
6. choose-chose-chosen/ steal-stole-stolen/ freeze-frose-frosen/ speak-spoke-spoken/ break-broke-broken/ wake-woke-woken/ know-knew-known/ grow-grew-grown…
7.sing-sang-sung/ ring-rang-rung/ drink-drank-drunk/ swim-swam-swum…
hang-hung/ strike-struck/ stick-stuck/ dig-dug/ win-won/ swing-swung…
8. go-went-gone/ do-did-done/ be-was/were-been/ stand-stood/ hear-heard/beat-beat-beaten/ make-made/ have-had
(в последней группе глаголы достаточно своеобразны)

Правило 21. Списки основных неправильных глаголов необходимо постоянно просматривать, вслух повторяя короткие фразы с формами прошедшего времени, пока они не запомнятся, но, если в разговоре какая-то форма позабылась, нужно смело говорить так, как будто это глагол правильный.

Действительно необходимых на первых этапах изучения неправильных глаголов около сотни, поэтому задача их быстрого освоения более чем решаема.
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#307

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Unit 86. . Фразовые и предложные глаголы

Теперь о фразовых и предложных глаголах, которые в современных грамматиках обычно считаются единой лексической единицей, а не конструкцией, как раньше.

"По науке" выделяют три типа:
phrasal verbs: give in, get by
prepositional verbs: look after, look into
phrasal-prepositional verbs: look down on, put up with

Но лично я считаю, что фразово-предложные глаголы можно рассматривать как подвид фразовых и фактически есть два типа.
Говоря о фразовых, в современных продвинутых грамматиках такие слова как in в give in рассматривают как "непереходные предлоги". Да, безусловно, логика в этом есть. Аналогом таких глаголов в русском языке являются глаголы с приставками и они тоже похожи на предлоги:

Я въехал в Лондон.
Я отъехал от Лондона.
Я доехал до Лондона.

И да, когда я говорю, например, either come in or go out, то подразумевается, что в комнату или из комнаты.
И, тем не менее, мне больше нравится традиционный подход, при котором их рассматривают как "маленькие наречия", как их называет Свон, или наречные частицы. Предлог несколько более связан с существительным, а наречие/наречная частица – с глаголом.
И уж совсем, думаю, неверно считать их "просто предлогами", по той причине, что для них другие правила ударений и частицу можно (а в случае местоимений и нужно) переносить после дополнения: I've fixed it up, например, что невозможно с предлогами.

Часто фразовыми глаголами называют только те, смысл которых идиоматичен (в отличие от "свободных сочетаний"), но и это мне кажется неочевидным – суть все равно одна и та же.
Есть отличная тема по фразово-предложным глаголам https://efl-forum. ru/boards/viewtopic. php?t= 68 2 3, но я постепенно попробую остановиться на самых популярных фразовых и предложных глаголах.
Начну с фразовых – как русские глаголы доделать, переделать, уделать, подделать, проделать, наделать, приделать, заделать и т. п. представляют известную сложность для иностранца (в том числе и из-за разных возможных значений), так и английским фразовым глаголам необходимо уделить внимание.
Их нужно научиться уверенно видеть в тексте, а какие-то употреблять и самому (не очень этим увлекаясь, так как говорить придется не только с носителями языка). Например:

Maxim opened the hatch, leaned out, and cautiously scanned the sky.
Maxim returned to the cabin and switched on the automatic repair controls and activated the field laboratory.
The IRU didn’t attract solid establishment types. They were wrapped up in their own serious affairs and knew that the exploration of alien worlds was just a monotonous and exhausting game.
You pick up the catalog, open it to any page, take a random stab to choose your unexplored world, and take off into the wild blue yonder.
And Pete would say: “How long can this go on? Haven’t you disgraced yourself long enough?”
Before descending the high, steep bank to the river, Maxim looked around.
He went down to the river.
Scooping up a handful of water, he realized quickly that it was dangerously radioactive.
Once on Earth he would turn the material over to the experts on the Galactic Security Council and quickly put the entire episode out of his mind.
Like a bolt of lightning, a brilliant blue flash lit up everything around him.
Above the riverbank there was a thunderous crash followed by sizzling and crackling. Maxim jumped up.
The ship had exploded: its ceramic shell glowed violet, flames danced through the grass around it, bushes flared up, and the gnarled trees were enveloped in smoky fire. Intense heat struck him, and Maxim shielded his face with his palm as he backed away.
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#308

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Unit 87. Частица up

К изучению таких сочетаний могут быть, разумеется, разные подходы и, например, такой (начну с частицы up).
Все глаголы с той или иной частицей сначала разбиваются на группы. Первая – это глаголы, обозначающие движение.
И каждое сочетание может иметь прямое значение (обычно они достаточно очевидны) и переносное.

Посмотрим на список наиболее часто встречающихся глаголов "первой" группы.
Из имеющих переносное значение в первую очередь обратить внимание стоит, вероятно, на come up with (буквально "подойти с"), end up и hurry up.

STAND UP
1. To remain valid, sound, or durable: His claim will not stand up in court. Our old car has stood up well over time. 2. (Informal) To fail to keep a date with.
He was so weak he couldn't stand up он был так слаб, что не мог стоять на ногах. It won't stand up. I don't think any of it is gonna stand up in court. They stood up and gave me an electrifying ovation. So I stood up and went to the machine.

SIT UP
1. To rise from lying down to a sitting position. 2. To sit with the spine erect. 3. To stay up later than the customary bedtime. 4. To become suddenly alert: The students sat up when he mentioned the test.
He sat up late working он засиделся за работой. As soon as she was mentioned, he sat up and took notice при упоминании о ней он встрепенулся и стал слушать. I threw off the blanket and sat up. Time for bed; we have sat up too long today.

RUN UP
To make or become greater or larger: ran up huge bills; run up the price of the company's stock.
He ran up and down the street он бегал взад и вперёд по улице. Why don't you try to occupy yourself with something, besides television and running up overseas telephone bills? Oh, Henry insisted on running up his own physicals.

JUMP UP
He yelled, trying to jump up. I jumped up and ran to the window.


GO UP
1. To increase in price or value. 2. To be in the process of construction: Office buildings went up all over town.
The temperature went up two points температура поднялась на два градуса. Could we go up to your uncle's bathroom? You know, the temperature went up to 109. His eyebrows went up.
WALK UP

He walked up and down он ходил взад и вперёд. They walked up to the garage. The bustling technician quickly closed the door and walked up to us, taking out a pack of cigarettes. Do you want to, uh, have me just walking up to the camera, or do you want to discover me here right away?

GET UP
1. To arise from bed or rise to one's feet: She got up and opened the door. 2. To climb: How long will it take to get up the mountain? 3. To act as the creator or organizer of: got up a petition against rezoning. 4. To dress or adorn: She got herself up in a bizarre outfit. 5. To find within oneself; summon: got up the nerve to quit.
The horse got up on its hind legs лошадь встала на дыбы. What time did they get you up this morning, Sergeant? You see, my wife was in the habit of folding her nightgown every morning when she got up and putting it under her pillow. got The cat got up and noiselessly dived into the yard.


CLIMB UP
If you'll look more closely on the balcony, you'll see that it's not humanly possible for anyone to climb up.


DRIVE UP
Approach while driving: The truck entered the driveway and drove up towards the house
I just spent several hours driving up here from San Diego. They drove up to the department. I drove up here as fast as I could.

BACK UP
1. To move backward: Back up and give him some air! 2. To support someone’s opinion or order: I back up his no-smoking rule.
I know it didn't turn out that way. . . but you told him to stand his ground, and you'd back him up. Next there was an abrupt medicinal smell, and a chill blew into my face, I backed up. Every time I get close, you start backing up.

COME UP
1. To manifest itself; arise: The question never came up.
2. To rise above the horizon: The sun came up.
3. To rise, as in status or rank: a general who came up from the ranks.
4. To draw near; approach: came up and said hello.
He came up from behind он подошел сзади. Honey, you should have called before you came up. Oh, sir, listen, a couple of things came up that I want to discuss with you, but I don't want to burden you now, because I can see you got a lot on your mind. Why don't you and the wife come up to my cabin one evening?


COME UP AGAINST
To encounter, especially a difficulty or major problem.
They wandered along the corridor for a few minutes, came up against a wall, and turned to the right.

COME UP WITH
To bring forth, discover, or produce: came up with a cure for the disease.
And I think I came up with the answer. And that's what we came up with. And anyone who can come up with an idea as good as the one that you just had can also come up with the answer. come Have you come up with any leads, clues?

HURRY UP
To (cause to) move quickly. Hurry him up, will you; Do hurry up!
Hurry up or else we'll be late поспеши, а то мы опоздаем. He said to hurry up and get the medications and then he took the list, but he gave it right back. Well, he'd better hurry up because you're not spending any afternoon in this place. If I’m going to get anywhere, I had better hurry up and learn their language.

END UP
1. (copula) to become eventually; turn out to be: he ended up a thief. 2. to arrive, esp by a circuitous or lengthy route or process: he ended up living in New Zealand.
Oh, you pay a lot of money for help and you end up doing the cooking. He bumped into some people and got himself into a scrape and ended up in jail. We ended up in Animal Land.

Т. е. большинство имеет вполне очевидные значения типа "подойти", "подпрыгнуть", "подъехать", "взобраться", "встать" и т. п.
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#309

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Unit 88. Частица up (продолжение)

В первую группу фразовых глаголов с up я включил те, что передают движение. Теперь вторая – такие глаголы, описывающие в своем базовом значении простые действия физического плана. Разумеется, многие из них имеют переносные значения, которые могут быть и вполне многочисленными.
"Популярных" достаточно много, поэтому я их дам двумя частями.

WRAP UP
1. To bring to a conclusion; settle finally or successfully: wrap up a business deal. 2. To summarize; recapitulate.
Wrap up well when you go out оденься потеплее, когда пойдёшь на улицу. All right, fellas, wrap it up. Let's wrap it up and go home. So will you please wrap up my sandwich and on the double because I have to be at a preview in ten minutes. Well, I guess the point got delayed because I got so wrapped up in the house.

WRAPPED UP IN
1. Completely immersed or absorbed in: She is wrapped up in her studies. 2. Involved in: They were wrapped up in criminal activities.
He's wrapped up in his work он поглощён работой. He's wrapped up in himself/in his thoughts он погружен в себя/в свои мысли. they're wrapped up in each other они по уши влюблены друг в друга. He's wrapped up in his work он поглощён работой. They're wrapped up in each other они по уши влюблены друг в друга.

WIND UP
1. To come or bring to a finish; end: when the meeting wound up; wind up a project. 2. To put in order; settle: wound up her affairs before leaving the country. 3. To arrive in a place or situation after or because of a course of action: took a long walk and wound up at the edge of town; overspent and wound up in debt.
We wound up in Aberdeen мы закончили путешествие в Абердине. He'll wind up in jail он кончит тюрьмой. That winds it up. We even wound up liking each other, if you can believe that paradox.

TURN UP
1. To increase the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of: Turn up the radio. 2. a. To find: She turned up the missing keys under her briefcase. b. To be found: The papers will turn up sooner or later. 3. To make an appearance; arrive: Many old friends turned up at the reunion. 4. To fold or be capable of folding up: turning up his cuffs; cuffs that will turn up. 5. To happen unexpectedly: Something turned up, so I couldn't go. 6. To be evident: a sculptor whose name turns up in the art circles.
to turn up one's collar/the hem of a dress поднять воротник, подшить подол платья. Turn up the gas прибавь газ/огонь. Turn up the volume сделай погромче. She turned up her nose at the suggestion она пренебрежительно отнеслась к этому предложению. He turned up two hours later он появился на два часа позже; Nobody turned up for the lecture никто не пришел на лекцию. The pen turned up under the rug ручка нашлась под ковриком. Something will turn up что-нибудь да подвернется. The letter turned up in the most unlikely place письмо нашлось в самом неподходящем месте. But I'm sure it'll turn up. And an airplanes check with the airlines turned her up in Lisbon. In my case, it turned up in my shoe.

OPEN UP
1. To spread out; unfold: A green valley opened up before us. 2. To begin operation or start (something): The new store opens up next month. The band opened up the concert with an old favorite. 3. To begin firing: The artillery opened up at dawn. 4. To speak freely and candidly: At last the frightened witness opened up and told the truth. 5. To make an opening in by cutting: The surgeon opened up the patient's chest. 6. To make available or accessible: open up new markets.
They've opened up a branch in Leeds они открыли отделение в Лидсе. This opens up new possibilities это открывает новые возможности. Open it up. Two weeks after I opened up the place.

TEAR UP
1. To tear to pieces. 2. To make an opening in: tore up the sidewalk to add a drain.
You’ll take one of these two notes right now and tear it up. He broke in, tore up the place, resisted arrest. We found it torn up just like her car.

TIE UP
1. To secure or be secured to a shore or pier; dock. 2. To impede the progress of; block: The accident tied up traffic. 3. To keep occupied; engage: She was tied up in a meeting all morning. The phone was tied up for an hour. 4. To place (funds) so as to make inaccessible for other uses: tied up her cash in long-term investments.
Everything is tied up now теперь все решено. His money is all tied up in property все его деньги вложены в собственность. He's tied up with the director just now он сейчас у директора. I'm virtually finished—I've just got to tie up some loose ends я фактически закончил, осталось подчистить кое-какие мелочи. One more little drama, and I won't just cut off your allowance, I'll tie up your estate. I'll tie up your boat. I'm just trying to tie up loose ends. Every loose end has got to be tied up.

TAKE UP
1. To raise; lift. 2. To absorb or adsorb; draw up or incorporate: crops taking up nutrients. 3. To begin again; resume: Let's take up where we left off. To develop an interest in or enter into: take up mountain climbing; take up engineering. To accept (an option, bet, or challenge) as offered. To deal with: Let's take up each problem one at a time. To assume: took up a friendly attitude. 4. To use up, consume, or occupy: The extra duties took up most of my time. The bed took up half of the room. To establish (residence). 5. To reduce in size; shorten or tighten: take up a gown; take up the slack.
I must take up the hem of my skirt мне нужно укоротить юбку. He took up his stand beside her он занял место рядом с ней. The lift took us up to the top floor лифт поднял нас на верхний этаж. He took us up in his aeroplane for a spin мы полетели на его самолете. It takes up too much space/time это занимает слишком много места/времени. I won't take up any more of your time я больше не стану отнимать у вас время. He has taken up photography он занялся фотографией. He left to take up a better job он перешел на лучшую работу. They took up my idea eagerly они охотно подхватили мою идею. I'll take up the matter with the director я пойду с этим вопросом к директору. I’ll take you up on your offer я воспользуюсь вашим предложением. He took up the story at the point where. . . он продолжал рассказ с того места, где. . . He has taken up with an undesirable crowd он связался с плохой компанией. I don't want to take up any more of your time, sir. Maybe I ought to take up smoking again. But you've taken up enough of my day.

SET UP
1. To place in an upright position. 2. a. To elevate; raise. b. To raise in authority or power; invest with power: They set the general up as a dictator. c. To put (oneself) forward as; claim to be: He has set himself up as an authority on the English language. d. To assemble and erect: set up a new machine. 3. To establish; found: set up a charity. 4. To cause: They set up howls of protest over new taxes. 5. To establish in business by providing capital, equipment, or other backing. 6. a. To treat (someone) to drinks. b. To pay for (drinks). 7. To stimulate or exhilarate: a victory that really set the team up. 8. To lay plans for: set up a kidnapping. 9. Informal To put (someone else) into a compromising situation by deceit or trickery: Swindlers have set me up.
The smoke set up an irritation in my throat от дыма у меня запершило в горле. to set up a new government/a committee формировать новое правительство, создавать комиссию. His father set him up in business отец помог ему начать свое дело. The holiday set her up отпуск ей помог, в отпуске она набралась сил. She set up as a photographer она устроилась работать фотографом. We're going to set up house in London мы собираемся поселиться в Лондоне; He set up in practice in London он занялся частной практикой в Лондоне. Somebody's trying to set me up. I think she set it up. How can you set up an algorithm for such things?

PUT UP
1. To erect; build. 2. To preserve; can: put up six jars of jam. 3. To nominate: put up a candidate at a convention. 4. To provide (funds) in advance: put up money for the new musical. 5. To provide lodgings for: put a friend up for the night. 6. Sports To startle (game animals) from cover: put up grouse. 7. To offer for sale: put up his antiques. 8. a. To make a display or the appearance of: put up a bluff. b. To engage in; carry on: put up a good fight.
to put up a notice вывешивать объявление. They put up an obstinate resistance они оказали упорное сопротивление. They put up an obstinate resistance они оказали упорное сопротивление. He put up a good show он хорошо себя показал. She put up her hair она подобрала волосы. Put them up! руки вверх! The house has been put up for sale дом продается. The painting has been put up for sale/auction картина выставлена на продажу/ на аукционе. The government put up the money for the project правительство финансировало этот проект. My father put up the money for my car отец дал мне деньги на машину. I can put you up for the night я могу приютить вас на ночь. We put up in a hotel/with my aunt мы остановились в гостинице/у моей тетки. Put your hands up. I'll put you up at a hotel until school opens.

PUT UP WITH
I won't put up with that я этого не потерплю, я с этим не примирюсь. Well, why did your husband put up with it? Well, you've put up with me long enough.

PULL UP
1. To bring or come to a halt: The driver pulled the car up at the curb. The car pulled up in front of the hotel. 2. To approach and arrive at a destination: We watched the plane pull up to the gate. 3. To increase or cause to increase in altitude: The plane pulled up just enough to miss the tower. 4. To advance or regain position, as in a race. 5. To check the action of: The remark pulled him up short. 6. To reprove or rebuke: They were pulled up for wasting money.
to pull up smth by the roots вырвать что-л с корнем. He pulled up his trousers он подтянул брюки. He pulled his chair up to the fire он пододвинул стул к камину. I pulled the plant up by the roots я вырвал растение с корнем. Pull me up if I go on too long остановите меня, если я буду слишком долго говорить. He pulled me up for being late он сделал мне выговор за опоздание. to pull up sharp резко затормозить. The car pulled up at the traffic lights/ the door машина остановилась у светофора/ у подъезда. He pulled up with the other runners он догнал других бегунов. Pull up and turn off your lights. Pull up a sofa. The stuff they pull up in the business office is none of my doing.

PICK UP
1. To take up (something) with a hand or other body part or with an instrument: Could you pick up that book? The dog picked up the bone in its mouth. 2. To collect or gather: picked up some pebbles. 3. To tidy up; clean: picked up the bedroom. 4. To take on (passengers or freight, for example): The bus picks up commuters at five stops. 5. a. To acquire casually or by accident: picked up a new coat on sale. b. To acquire (knowledge) by learning or experience: picked up French quickly. c. To claim: picked up her car at the repair shop. d. To buy: picked up some milk at the store. e. To accept (a bill or charge) in order to pay it: Let me pick up the tab. f. To come down with (a disease): picked up a virus at school. g. To gain: picked up five yards on that play. 6. To take into custody: The agents picked up six smugglers. 7. a. To come upon and follow: The dog picked up the scent. b. To come upon and observe: picked up two submarines on sonar. c. To receive, detect, or register: Did the microphone pick up that sound? 9. To continue after a break: Let's pick up the discussion after lunch.
Pick up the pieces подбери осколки. I stooped down to pick up the pen я наклонился, чтобы поднятьручку. I picked up a few crumbs of information я раздобыл кое-какую информацию. I picked up the book from the floor/the receiver я поднял книгу с пола, я взял трубку (телефона). He picked himself up он поднялся. She picked up the fallen pages она подобрала упавшие листы бумаги. The lifeboat picked up the survivors спасательная лодка подобрала уцелевших. I'll pick you up я зайду/я заеду (in car) за тобой. Pick up a paper for me when you go out купи мне газету, когда выйдешь. I picked up a student when driving to Oxford я подобрал по дороге студента, когда ехал в Оксфорд. The police picked him up at the airport полиция задержала его в аэропорту. He picked her up at some cafe он подцепил ее где-то в кафе. Where did you pick up that book? где ты достал эту книгу? Students pick up a lot of money in summer jobs студенты хорошо подрабатывают на летних работах. He picked up that expression from his father он перенял это выражение у отца. I probably picked up flu from them я, наверное, у них подхватил грипп. He picked up a smattering of French он нахватался французских фраз. He picks things up very quickly он все схватывает на лету. Where did you pick up that habit? откуда у тебя эта привычка? We picked up Paris мы поймали Париж. He picked me up for careless punctuation он отчитал меня/сделал мне замечание за невнимание к знакам препинания. The patient/business is beginning to pick up больной начинает поправляться, дела налаживаются. I picked up with him again after many years я возобновил с ним знакомство после многих лет. Pick me up at 5: 30. There are gonna be more of these, so I'll pick them up later. You know, these fellows that I smoke, I pick these up here, at the supermarket. Did you pick up something interesting? Pick up some extra cash. Pick up the phone and call her. He picked up the receiver. I went by the store and picked up some green tea and honey.

Здесь довольно много интересных, а pick up – один из самых распространенных фразовых глаголов в английском языке.
Разумеется, определения и примеры из академического монолигв. словаря сложны для не очень продвинутых изучающих (такие есть и в гораздо более простом виде), но я все-таки их даю – опять же, как некую "цель", то, к чему надо стремиться (при некотором опыте это уже не будет казаться таким сложным).
На первых порах достаточно примеров с русскими переводами – нужно просто выделить базовое, буквальное значение и понять основные переносные.
Последний раз редактировалось JamesTheBond 16 авг 2022, 10:33, всего редактировалось 2 раза.
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#310

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 89. частица up (продолжение)

И вторая часть предыдущего.

MIX UP
1. To confuse; confound: His explanation just mixed me up more. I always mix up the twins. 2. To involve or implicate: He got himself mixed up with the wrong people.
I always mix them up я вечно их путаю. I mix him up with his brother я его путаю с братом. I mixed up their names я перепутал их имена. Don't get mixed up in that affair не впутывайся в это дело; He's mixed up in it somehow он каким-то образом замешан в этом деле. If his umbrella somehow got mixed up with Sir Roger's. . . Are you inferring that she was mixed up in drugs? Someone who mixed up the ingredients, falsified the formula. . . They got the names mixed up.

MAKE UP
1. To put together; construct or compose: make up a prescription. 2. To constitute; form: Ten years make up a decade. 3. To alter one's appearance for a role on the stage, as with a costume and cosmetics. 4. To apply cosmetics. 5. To devise as a fiction or falsehood; invent: made up an excuse. 6. To make good (a deficit or lack): made up the difference in the bill. 7. To compensate for: make up for lost time. 8. To resolve a quarrel: kissed and made up. 9. To make ingratiating or fawning overtures. Used with to: made up to his friend's boss. 10. To take (an examination or course) again or at a later time because of previous absence or failure. 1 1. To set in order: make up a room. 1 2. Printing To select and arrange material for: made up the front page.
These parts make up a whole эти части составляют одно целое. I'll try to make up for my rudeness я постараюсь загладить свою грубость. To make up for lost time наверстать упущенное время.
I'll make up a bed for you я вам постелю/приготовлю постель. Make up the fire before you go out подбрось угля/ подложи дров перед уходом. to make up а prescription готовить лекарство по рецепту. I’ll make up a parcel of books for you я вам заверну несколько книг. We make up a majority мы составляем большинство. I will make the sum up to 100 roubles я доведу сумму до ста рублей. to make up a game придумывать игру. He was made up as a prince он был в гриме принца. to make up one's face краситься. They've made it up они помирились. I'll try to make up for my rudeness я постараюсь загладить свою грубость. to make up for lost time наверстать упущенное время. He makes up to him quite openly он открыто подлизывается к нему. Women very often use a brand of makeup that's made up for actors like pancake. If I had a jacket made up in this material, now, would that be something that would fit me? If it's short, you can always make it up in the next payment. It’s impossible to make up a story like that: it would be too ridiculous.

MAKE UP SOMEONE'S MIND
1. to decide something about which they are or were unsure about. 2. to make a way of thinking firm and unlikely to change. I couldn't make up my mind whether I wanted tacos or burritos.
I haven't really made up my mind yet, creatively speaking. Then you've made up your mind about the candidates in this election. You know what it was that really made up my mind? He was smiling at me in such an affectionate way, that I made up my mind.

LOCK UP
1. to imprison or confine 2. to lock or secure the doors, windows, etc, of (a building) 3. to keep or store securely: secrets locked up in history. 4. (Banking & Finance) (tr) to invest (funds) so that conversion into cash is difficult 5. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) printing to secure (type, etc) in a chase or in the bed of the printing machine by tightening the quoins
He locked up the house он запер дом. If you'll lock this up and not touch anything then I'll call the fingerprint crew. So you lock up and go on. I always lock up before I turn in. Not the customers' cars, they get locked up.

LIFT UP
1. Take and lift upwards. 2. Fill with high spirits,fill with optimism
Lift up the telephone receiver. You know, I tried to lift up that barbell. Some big ape came along, got inside, lifted up the deck, found the batteries, picked up one of the strange-looking boulders, and bam!


LIGHT UP
1. To become or cause to become animated or cheerful. 2. To start smoking a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.
It's time to light up пора зажечь свет, (in car) пора включить фары; The clock lights up at night ночью циферблат часов светится (has fluorescent hands), ночью эти часы светятся (of street clock), (fig) Her face lit up её лицо осветилось/озарилось; His eyes lit up with joy его глаза засветились радостью
I kept waiting for that button to light up. So I kept watching the phone for 6 1 5 to light up. Yeah, it's lit up now. Like a bolt of lightning, a brilliant blue flash lit up everything around him.

FOLD UP
bend or lay so that one part covers the other: fold up the newspaper; turn up your collar.
If he typed that on that typewriter, and I'll run a check on that, why would he fold it up before he put it in that drawer? Unfortunately, Jim used to fold up a piece of paper and use it as a bookmark, you know.

HANG UP
1. To suspend on a hook or hanger. 2. a. To replace (a telephone receiver) on its base or cradle. b. To end a telephone conversation. 3. To delay or impede; hinder: Budget problems hung up the project for months. 4. To become halted or snagged: The fishing line hung up on a rock. 5. Informal To have or cause to have emotional difficulties or inhibitions.
We're hung up waiting for raw materials у нас перебои с сырьем. He hung up (on me) он положил трубку (не дав мне договорить). She had to hang up when she heard the shots. Don't hang up. I'll hang up my uniform. You can keep talking, but I'm gonna hang up. I was really hung up on her.

DRAW UP
1. To compose or write in a set form; write out: draw up a contract; draw up a list. 2. To bring (troops, for example) into order. 3. To bring or come to a halt. 4. To bring (oneself) into an erect posture, often as an expression of dignity or indignation.
to draw up a boat подтягивать лодку к берегу. to draw up a chair for a guest пододвигать стул для гостя. to draw one's chair up to the fire придвинуть кресло к камину. to draw up the bedclothes натягивать на себя одеяло. He drew himself up to his full height он выпрямился во весь рост; to draw up troops выстраивать войска. The bus drew up at the theatre автобус остановился у театра. He promised to let me draw up something more detailed later on but. . . We'll draw up a formal contract in a couple of days. And if you do make it, you’ll find the bridge drawn up. He climbed through the hatch and lay down on the branches with his knees drawn up.

DIG UP
1. Find something that is supposed to be secret: the reporters eventually dug up the truth about the affair. 2. Make a hole in a road, the ground, etc. : the council have dug the road up. 3, Remove something from the ground: the police dug up a body.
They have dug up the road in order to lay drains они раскопали дорогу; чтобы проложить трубы; He dug up a Greek vase он откопал греческую вазу; Where did you dig up that old bicycle?/that scandal? где ты откопал этот старый велосипед?, как ты разнюхал об этом скандале? Where did you dig him up? Где вы его выкопали? I wanna dig it up. You'd never be able to dig it up. And I finally managed to dig up some hidden accounts on that last picture you made in Italy. I want to know how I go about getting permission to dig up a pile of a building that's already under construction? I also went to the Bureau of Records and dug up your marriage licence.

PUT UP
1. To put on or wear clothing: It's very cold outside, so cover up before you go out. 2. In boxing, to protect oneself from blows by holding the gloves over one's face with the forearms straight down over the chest.
He put up his hand он поднял руку. to put up a notice вывесить объявление. to put up a picture/wallpaper повесить картину, оклеивать стены обоями. to put up a tent/a building ставить палатку, строить здание. to put up a memorial to smb воздвигать/ставить кому-л памятник. She put up her hair она подобрала волосы, она забрала волосы вверх. Put them up! руки вверх! to put up prices повышать цены. The house has been put up for sale дом продается. The painting has been put up for sale/auction картина выставлена на продажу/ на аукционе. The government put up the money for the project правительство финансировало этот проект. My father put up the money for my car отец дал мне деньги на машину. I can put you up for the night я могу приютить вас на ночь. to put smb up to smth подстрекать кого-л к чему-л, толкать кого-л на что-л. We put up in a hotel/with my aunt мы остановились в гостинице/у моей тетки. Put your hands up. I'll put you up at a hotel until school opens.

PUT UP WITH
To endure without complaint: We had to put up with the inconvenience.
I won't put up with that я этого не потерплю, я с этим не примирюсь. I put up with it. Well, why did your husband put up with it? Well, you've put up with me long enough.

CLEAN UP
1. To make clean or orderly. 2. To make oneself clean, neat, or presentable. 3. To dispose of; settle: cleaned up the unpaid bills. 4. To make a large profit, often in a short period of time: cleaned up during the bull market.
I must clean up my room я должен прибрать комнату. I'm just going to clean (myself) up я только приведу себя в порядок. The police are going to clean up the drug traffic полиция намерена покончить с торговлей наркотиками. We cleaned up £ 50 at the races мы выиграли пятьдесят фунтов на скачках. to clean up after smb убирать за кем-л. I'll clean that up later. Let me see if I can clean that up for you. Get out of here and I'll clean this up so the cook won't quit. Well, this is one mess you're going to have to clean up for yourself. If she did clean up the room, then everything gets thrown out.

CLEAR UP
1. to explain or solve (a mystery, misunderstanding, etc) 2. to put (a place or thing that is disordered) in order 3. (of the weather) to become brighter
to clear up a misunderstanding/a question/a mystery выяснять недоразумение/вопрос, раскрывать тайну. It cleared up небо прояснилось. The weather soon cleared (up) погода вскоре улучшилась. We'll clear it up today. A couple of points were bothering me, so I thought I'd clear them up. I did clear up one routine thing. There's just one point that I wanted to clear up. Uh, what I really wanna do is clear up some gossip I keep hearing.

CLOSE UP
1. to shut entirely 2. to draw together: the ranks closed up. 3. (of wounds) to heal completely
The house has been closed up all winter дом всю зиму стоял заколоченный; Flowers close up at night ночью цветы закрываются; The wound closed up рана закрылась; The ranks closed up ряды сомкнулись. Because of you, my boss, he won't let me close up this case until I've covered everything. Then she said good night and after I'd closed up the viewing room, I came up here and found the door locked. I'm closin' up this case. If you gentlemen want to finish paying your respects to the loved one, we will be closing up until 8: 30.

BURN UP
1. To make angry: Their rudeness really burns me up. 2. To travel over or through at high speed: drag racers burning up the track. The bank robbers burned up the roads but were soon captured.
The fire burnt up brightly огонь ярко разгорелся. I don't want to burn up the Commissioner's car. It might get burned up with the gasoline. Hey, why don't you just tell them that the thermos burned up in the plane crash, like it probably did. …opened the safe and was taking out money and running around the place burning up documents.

BLOW UP
1. To come into being: A storm blew up. 2. To fill with air; inflate: blow up a tire. 3. To enlarge (a photographic image or print). 4. To explode: bombs blowing up. 5. To lose one's temper.
The incident has been blown up by the press out of all proportion эта история была невероятно раздута прессой. to blow up a photo увеличивать фото. The boss blew him up начальник сделал ему разнос. The mine blew up мина взорвалась; The wind is blowing up ветер усиливается. Blew himself up last night with a hand grenade. Maybe I blew up the Center too soon. So it struck me funny when you blew up in the operating room and you grabbed me and pushed me. Lieutenant, the gun never blew up before. Those poor kids, those amateurs, plantin' bombs and blowin' themselves up. Our laboratory says that that car's gas tank couldn't have blown up first.

BREAK UP
1. To separate or be separated into pieces: She broke up a chocolate bar. The river ice finally broke up. To interrupt the uniformity or continuity of: An impromptu visit broke up the long afternoon. 2. To scatter; disperse: The crowd broke up after the game. 3. To cease to function or cause to stop functioning as an organized unit or group: His jazz band broke up. The new CEO broke up the corporation. 4. To bring or come to an end: Guards broke up the fight. They argued, and their friendship broke up. 5. Informal To burst or cause to burst into laughter.
We're breaking up boxes for firewood мы разламываем ящики на дрова. We broke up the pupils into groups мы разбили учащихся на группы. The estate was broken up имение разделили. The police broke up the meeting полиция разогнала митинг. Broke it up! Кончайте! The ship broke up on the rocks корабль разбился о скалы. The party broke up late гости разошлись поздно. He is rapidly breaking up он быстро сдает. The fine weather is breaking up погода портится. Their marriage has broken up их брак распался. The company broke up гости разошлись. And the other passengers did nothing to break it up. I guess if we'd both see such a scene in a movie, we'd break up. You got a writing team, they're famous, they break up and what happens? And it broke me up.

Здесь, думаю, стоит обратить внимание на mix up, make up, hang up, put up/put up with, blow up и break up.
Последний раз редактировалось JamesTheBond 16 авг 2022, 10:35, всего редактировалось 1 раз.
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JamesTheBond
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#311

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 90. Частица up (продолжение)

И еще несколько глаголов, выражающих "простое физическое" действие в основном значении.

CATCH UP
1. To move fast enough to attain the same progress as another; draw even: caught up to the leader on the last lap of the race. 2. To become equal or on a par with another: finally caught up with his brother in height. 3. To bring an activity to completion or to a state of currentness: catch up on correspondence. 4. To bring (another) up to date; brief: Let me catch you up on all the gossip. 5. To seize or lift suddenly: The wind caught up the umbrella and carried it off. 6. To involve, often unwillingly: was caught up in the scandal. 7. To captivate; enthrall: I was caught up in the mood of the evening.
You go on—I'll catch you up иди, я тебя догоню. He has caught up with the class он догнал свой класс. I must catch up on my work я должен подогнать работу. I've caught up on sleep мне удалось отоспаться. Go back, I’ll catch up to you. He’ll catch up to us, if he wants. You catching up on your reading, Lieutenant? I don't know how the heavier car caught up with him.

CATCH UP WITH
1. Of friends or relatives, to update one another on life events that occurred since the last time seeing each other. It was so lovely catching up with you; it's been years since we were last together!You and I must really catch up with each other sometime soon. 2. To find (and, of police, to arrest) someone after a period of time trying to track that person down. The bank robber disappeared for almost a week, but the police caught up with him at the border of Mexico[/i]. 3. To make up the difference between oneself and someone or something, so as to be at an equal level, status, or point of progress. If we speed up, we might be able to catch up with the car ahead of us! 4. To meet again at a later point in time. We'll catch up with you after the movie. 5. To cause unpleasant consequences or have dire implications, especially after a certain period of time. You might like to party all night long now, but all that drinking is going to catch up with you someday. His criminal record as a teen caught up with him in job interviews as an adult.

BRING UP
1. To take care of and educate (a child); rear. 2. To introduce into discussion; mention. 3. To vomit. 4. To cause to come to a sudden stop.
to bring up children воспитывать / вырастить детей. He brought up his dinner его вырвало после обеда. to bring up the rear замыкать шествие. to bring up a question поднимать вопрос. Why bring that up now? зачем это сейчас ворошить? to bring smb up to date ввести кого-л в курс дела. I'm just here to bring you up to date on the case. Tanner, I didn't want to bring this up but it's been bothering me. That's why I hesitate to bring it up. I shouldn't have brought it up. About 11:00, when I brought up his milk and sleeping pill.

GIVE UP
1. To surrender: The suspects gave themselves up. To devote (oneself) completely: gave herself up to her work. 2. To cease to do or perform: gave up their search. To desist from; stop: gave up smoking. 3. To part with; relinquish: gave up the apartment; gave up all hope. 4. To lose hope for: We had given the dog up as lost. To lose hope of seeing: We'd given you up an hour ago. 5. To admit defeat. 6. To abandon what one is doing or planning to do: gave up on writing the novel.
to give up a town to the enemy сдать город врагу. to give oneself up сдаться; to give up one's seat уступить место, to give up a fugitive выдать беглеца, to give up hope/one's studies оставлять надежду, бросать учебу, to give up one's job/smoking бросать работу/курить. He came so late we'd given him up он пришел так поздно, что мы его уже не ждали. I give up! сдаюсь! I ought to give these things up. I want to give these up. I hated to give up the painting. I don't wanna give up working on it just now. My wife, she uses margarine, but I gave that up. I gotta say this for you, sir, you never gave up on it, did you?

SHUT UP
1. To cause (someone) to stop speaking; silence. 2. To stop speaking.
he shut himself up in his room он закрылся в своей комнате. He was shut up in a lunatic asylum его положили в психиатрическую больницу. Shut up! заткнись! Shut up and don’t move! Shut up and listen!

GROW UP
To become an adult.
He grew up in the country он рос/вырос в деревне. А friendship grew up between them они стали друзьями. It's time he grew up ему уже пора повзрослеть. He just never grew up. But Mr. William Haynes grew up to be a man without convictions. Makes you grow up kind of fast. You must make her grow up.

HOLD UP
1. To obstruct or delay. 2. To rob while armed, often at gunpoint. 3. To offer or present as an example: held the essay up as a model for the students. 4. To continue to function without losing force or effectiveness; cope: managed to hold up under the stress.
the ceiling is held up by two beams потолок поддерживают две балки. Hold the opal up to the light посмотри опал на свету. They were held up by bad weather они задержались из-за непогоды. Work in the factory has been held up by lack of fuel работа на заводе была приостановлена из-за нехватки топлива. Will the weather hold up? долго ли про¬держится такая погода? He's holding up well after his wife's death у него недавно умерла жена, но он держится неплохо. I think we've held them up long enough. He held up one finger. Yeah, I was held up in traffic, Ward. I don't want to hold you up. Well, look, I won't hold you up anymore. State your business or get out, you're holding us up. No, I don't think your theory holds up too well.

WARM UP
1. To prepare for an athletic event by exercising, stretching, or practicing for a short time beforehand. 2. To make or become ready for an event or operation. 3. To make more enthusiastic, excited, or animated. 4. To approach a state of confrontation or violence.
a fire will warm up the room камин нагреет комнату. A drink will warm you up вино вас согреет. to warm up some milk подогреть молоко. He told a few jokes to warm up the audience чтобы расшевелить публику он рассказал два-три анекдота. The air/the soup is warming up воздух нагревается/ суп подогревается. The athletes are warming up спортсмены делают разминку. While we're waiting, let's warm up a bit, shall we?

Третья условная группа – глаголы, выражающие нечто "умственное" и т. п.

ACT UP
Behave badly or strangely: my computer's acting up – I think I might have a virus.
My car has been acting up моя машина барахлит. His nerves started to act up in anticipation of his visitor. Now I could not die or get sick, or act up. Acting up again?

ACT UP TO
To act in a manner that equals or fulfills what has been promised, suggested, or expected of someone or something. So far, the politician has not acted up to the promises made during her election campaign. He never shies away from doling out advice, but he rarely acts up to his own prescribed codes of conduct.
to act up to one's promise сдержать обещание. to act up to one's principle действовать в соответствии со своими принципами. to act up to one's reputation не обмануть ожиданий

ADD UP
1. To be reasonable, plausible, or consistent; make sense: The witness's testimony simply did not add up. 2. To amount to an expected total: a bill that didn't add up. 3. To formulate an opinion of: added up the other competitors in one glance.
to add up figures in a column складывать числа столбиком. All these little annoyances do add up все эти маленькие неприятности вырастают в проблему. It just doesn't add up тут я не вижу толку. I just add it up with all the other details. Just so many pieces that didn't add up. I don't want to have to add up all the favours you owe me. You add up all the time it takes to drive to and from an airport, how much time do you really save? So you can see, sir, how all these things add up. Adds up to?

ADD UP TO
To constitute; amount to: The revisions added up to a lot of work.
The figures add up to 200 эти числа в сумме составляют двести. It all adds up to saying that he doesn't agree это все равно что сказать, что он не согласен. What does it all add up to?
Now, as I said, uh, I'm not sure what it all adds up to, but, uh, I think we ought to investigate… Well, sir, I guess I don't have to tell you what this all adds up to. Now, she comes back and she sees that the film is broken, she takes four minutes to fix it and that adds up to 1 5 minutes that the film is not running.

CALL UP
1. To summon to active military service: called up reserve troops for active duty. 2. To cause one to remember; bring to mind: stories that call up old times. 3. To bring forth for action or discussion; raise.
to call smb up призвать кого-л на военную службу. I'll call you up tomorrow я вам завтра позвоню. I'm gonna call up your superiors! If it wasn't for the fact that he's my only relative, I'd call up his captors and tell them that they're welcome to him.

CHECK UP (ON)
to investigate to see if (someone or something) is reliable, honest, true etc. Have you been checking up on me?
to check upon/up on smb/smth проверять кого-л/что-л. I just want to check up on a date. Thought I'd just check up on things. Well, you know, I can check up on that right away. But I. . . You see, I. . . You already checked up there? Lieutenant, have you been checking up on me? You know, like checking up on people.

FIX UP
1. To improve the appearance or condition of; refurbish. 2. To provide; equip. 3. To provide a companion on a date for: fixed me up with an escort at the last minute. He was trying to fix me up with an alibi. I tried to fix her up once in a while but she was totally introverted. Stay here with us and fix it up. And then we'll start fixing up your office.

KEEP UP
1. To maintain in good condition: kept up the property. 2. To persevere in; carry on: We asked her to stop talking, but she kept it up. To preserve or sustain: kept up the appearance of friendship. 3. To continue at the same level or pace: The snow kept up all day. 4. To continue to pay off (a financial obligation). 5. To match one's competitors, colleagues, or neighbors in success or lifestyle: couldn't keep up with his friends who went into business. 6. To remain adequately informed: loved to keep up on the gossip.
to keep one's head/spirits up держать голову высоко/ не падать духом. I'm keeping up my German я стараюсь не забыть немецкий язык. to keep up a correspondence поддерживать переписку. to keep up old traditions соблюдать/поддерживать старые традиции to keep up paintwork подновлять окраску. to keep up one's strength подкреплять силы. to keep one's end up держать хвост пистолетом, не ударить лицом в грязь. to keep up appearances соблюдать приличия. Keep up the good work! продолжать в том же духе. He can keep it up for hours; в этом он не утомим. Keep it up! Не останавливайтесь! Продолжайте! We can't afford to keep (up) such a big house мы не можем содер¬жать такой большой дом. The fish will keep up to three days in the fridge рыба хранится в холодильнике до трех дней. He kept up an endless flow of small talk он без конца молол какую-то чепуху. If the weather keeps up если хорошая погода еще продержится. Stop! I can't keep up подождите! Я за вами не поспеваю. Keep your hands up. Good luck with that writing, keep that up. Keep your spirits up. Most of us can't keep up with him. Just keep up what you're doing.

LOOK UP
1. To search for and find, as in a reference book. 2. To visit: look up an old friend. 3. To become better; improve: Things are at last looking up.
He looked me up and down он смерил меня взглядом. Look me up tomorrow зайди ко мне завтра. Look it up in the dictionary посмотри это слово в словаре. He looked up from his book он поднял глаза от книги. They were looking up at the sky они смотрели на нeбо. Things are looking up дела идут на лад. Look it up in the book. I looked it up. So this morning I went over to the public library and I looked up "Keppel" in the card catalogue. You see, we were playing a word game, looking things up in the dictionary. I just saw her face looking up at me and then when I realized what I was doing, I let her go.

SHOW UP
1. To be clearly visible. 2. To put in an appearance; arrive: Don't show up late. 3. To expose or reveal the true character or nature of: showed their efforts up as a waste of time. 4. Informal To surpass, as in ability or intelligence: She shows up all the others in the chorus.
Show her up to her room проводите ее наверх в ее комнату. This lighting shows up all my wrinkles при этом свете видны все мои морщины. He was shown up as a fraud он оказался мошенником. He didn't show up at the lecture он так и не появился на лекции. I didn't expect him to show up on our doorstep. I'm gonna sit on everything until those stolen paintings show up. I'm lucky I didn't show up in my pajamas. He showed up at the dedication this afternoon. When you showed up today, I kinda panicked.

THINK UP
to invent or devise: to think up a plan.
to think up an excuse придумывать/выдумывать отговорку. I'll think up something я что-нибудь придумаю.
Maybe we can think up another line or two, offered Stella. I do some of my best thinking up here. I’ve thought up a good one.

WAKE UP
cause to become awake or conscious; "He was roused by the drunken men in the street"; "Please wake me at 6 AM. " 2 stop sleeping; "She woke up to the sound of the alarm clock"
wake up! Проснись. I woke up to find myself back in the ward я очнулся в палате. It's time for you to wake up to reality пора тебе спуститься на землю. He still hasn't woken up to the danger он ещё не осознал опасности. It wasn't the sleeping, it was the waking up. Wake them up if necessary. And then I always wake up and I want to cry. Forgive me for waking you up.

Ярко выраженное фразовое значение имеют give up и shut up, но и несколько других заслуживают внимания.
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#312

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 91. Частица up (продолжение)

Это были сочетания с частицей up.
Но как с этим работать? Я дал примерный список наиболее часто встречающихся таких сочетаний и привел из словарей значения, которые выглядят совершенно беспорядочно – и именно так их и воспринимает обычно изучающий, тем более, что основное значение часто вообще не дается, так как не рассматривается как фразовое.
Примерное представление, как я уже написал, можно получить из примеров с русскими переводами, но, разумеется, желательно разобраться в значениях достаточно подробно. С моей точки зрения, лучше сделать это самому следующим образом.
Как пример возьму blow up. Берем два-три словаря и сравниваем:

A.
1. To come into being: A storm blew up.
2. To fill with air; inflate: blow up a tire.
3. To enlarge (a photographic image or print).
4. To explode: bombs blowing up.
5. To lose one's temper.


B.
1 Enlarge (e. g. , photograph). Blow up that photo so we can see his face.
2 Explode. The bomb blew up without any warning.
3 Inflate. The pressure was low, so I blew the tyre up.
4 Lose your temper, become angry. They blew up when they heard what I had done wrong.
5 The beginning of a storm. A storm blew up while we were out walking.

C.
to blow up a tyre надувать/ накачивать шину;
to blow up a building взрывать здание;
the incident has been blown up by the press out of all proportion эта история была невероятно раздута прессой;
to blow up a photo увеличивать фото;
the boss blew him up начальник сделал ему разнос;
(explode) взрываться: the mine blew up мина взорвалась;
the wind is blowing up ветер усиливается.

1. Сначала выделяем основное, буквальное значение. Здесь это, разумеется, "надувать". В первом словаре оно дано вторым, во втором – третьим, и только в третьем – первым. Обозначим его (1).

2. А затем все остальные выстраиваем в их связи с основным:

(2) Значение "увеличивать" в фотографии вполне понятно, потому что при надувании предметы увеличиваются.
(3) "Взрывать", вероятно, связано с тем, что, если воздушный шарик надувать и надувать – он взорвется.
(4) "Взорваться" в смысле от гнева – тоже понятно.
(5) Ну, и, наконец, ветер или шторм могут "надуваться" – в смысле усиливаться/начинаться.

Таким образом, видно, что хотя в разных словарях значения даны в разном порядке, для себя их можно расположить по удобной для изучения логике.

Кроме того, нужно учитывать, что от таких глаголов нередко образуются существительные и прилагательные такого плана:
beat-up поношенный: полуразрушенный.
blow-up взрыв, вспышка, (фото) увеличение.
break-up развал, распад; роспуск.
brush-up: I need a wash and brush-up нужно привести себя в порядок.
build-up: a build-up of forces сосредоточение сил; he got a good build-up in the press пресса создала ему рекламу.
built-up: a built-up area застроенный район.
call-up призыв; my son has had his call-up моего сына призвали в армию.
check-up /checkup проверка; осмотр.
clean-up чистка.
close-up: to take a close-up снять крупным планом; then came a close-up of the heroine's face затем на экране крупным планом появилось лицо героини; I want to take a close-up я хочу снять это с близкого расстояния.
get-up наряд: I like your get-up мне нравится твой наряд; the get-up of a book оформление книги.
grown-up взрослый.
hang-up затор, заминка; пунктик, бзик.
knock-up: before the match they have 5 minutes knock-up перед игрой им дается пять минут разминки; let's have а knock-up давай устроим разминку.
link-up связь, соединение.
make-up (composition) состав, (cosmetics) косметика, грим: she doesn't use make-up она не пользуется косметикой.
mix-up путаница: we got into a mix-up over the tickets у нас была какая-то путаница/ неразбериха с билетами.
mixed-up: he's all mixed-up он запутался; he's а mixed-up kid он трудный ребёнок/ (teenager) подросток.
muck-up путаница.
push-up отжимание на руках.
put-up: it's a put-up job это все подстроено.
shake-up: he needs a good shake-up ему нужно хорошенько встряхнуться.
smash-up столкновение.
tie-up связь, слияние.
tip-up: a tip-up lorry самосвал; tip-up seats откидные сиденья.
turn-up (on trousers) отворот.
turned-up: a turned-up nose вздернутый HOC; with a turned-up collar с поднятым воротником.
washing-up мытьё посуды; to do the washing-up помыть посуду; washing-up liquid жидкость для мытья посуды
write-up: she got а write-up in the paper о ней писали в газете; the play got a good write-up на эту пьесу были хорошие рецензии.

В таких сочетаниях смысл обычно вполне очевиден.
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#313

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 92. Частица down

Теперь частица down.
Идея та же – разобьем на три группы, сначала те, которые в основном значении выражают движение.

SIT DOWN
Sit the guests down усаживай гостей. Sit yourself down садись, усаживайся, присаживайся. We were sitting down (to dinner) when. . . мы как раз садились за стол, когда. . . We sat down to a game of cards мы уселись за карты. He came and sat down with me он подсел ко мне. I don't need to sit down. Maybe you ought to sit down for a minute, sir. Can't a person sit down and have a bite to eat in peace? Wilson, this man was just sitting down. I sat down in front of the typewriter and nothing happened.

SLOW DOWN
1 lose velocity; move more slowly: The car decelerated. 2 become slow or slower: Production slowed.
The traffic slowed down движение замедлилось. The train slowed to a halt поезд замедлил ход и остановился. He slowed down/up before the turning он сбавил скорость перед поворотом. He'll have to slow up ему придется сбавить темп. Please, slow down. Now slow down a minute. Time slowed down obediently. A man like that throws off sparks and never slows down.


RUN DOWN
1. To stop because of lack of force or power: The alarm clock finally ran down. 2. To cause or allow (the time remaining in a sports contest) to elapse. 3. To make tired; cause to decline in vigor. 4. a. To collide with and knock down: a pedestrian who was run down by a speeding motorist. b. Nautical To collide with and cause to sink. 5. To chase and capture: Detectives ran down the suspects. 6. To trace the source of: The police ran down all possible leads in the case. 7. To disparage: Don't run her down; she is very talented. 8. To go over; review: run down a list once more.
She was run down by a lorry её сбил грузовик. To run smb down критиковать кого-л. You look run down ты выглядишь очень утомлённым. You'll run the battery down if you. . . аккумулятор сядет, если ты. . . Our garden runs down to the river наш сад спускается к реке. The battery has run down аккумулятор сел. I understand somebody tried to run down Mr. Parks. 1 run Mr. Stafford promised me some further names to run down. Why would somebody do a lot of fencing, come in here and take a bath, and then right away run down to the gym and do another exercise session?


GO DOWN
1. To drop below the horizon; set: The sun went down. 2. To fall to the ground: The helicopter went down in a ball of fire. 3. To sink: The torpedoed battleship went down. 4. To experience defeat or ruin. 5. To admit of easy swallowing: a cough syrup that goes down readily. 6. To decrease in cost or value. 7. Chiefly British To leave a university. 8. Slang To occur; happen: "a collection of memorable pieces about the general craziness that was going down in those days" (James Atlas). 9. To be accepted or tolerated: How will your ideas go down as far as corporate marketing is concerned? 10. To come to be remembered in posterity: a debate that will go down as a turning point in the campaign.
Go down to the pistol range take my test for me. I'm gonna go down and check it out but it really looks like he left town. Tight chutes in a parachute like this, he goes down faster, right? He went down to the river. She went down to change her clothes and she never came back.

COME DOWN
1. To lose wealth or position: He has really come down in the world. 2. a. To pass or be handed down by tradition: customs that come down from colonial times. b. To be handed down from a higher authority: An indictment finally came down. 3. (Slang) To happen; occur: What's coming down tonight?
to come down a mountain/ ladder спускаться с горы/с лестницы. The hydroplane/space capsule came down in the sea гидроплан сел на воду/ космическая кабина опустилась на воду. Mist/the curtain came down опустился туман, занавес опустился. A chimney pot came down in the gale трубу на доме снесло/свалило бурей. These houses are coming down shortly эти дома скоро снесут. Prices have come down цены упали/снизились. He's come down in the world since then ему теперь гораздо хуже живется, чем раньше. Come down to headquarters tomorrow. Now, I'm just guessing, but I have a feeling you didn't come down here looking for me. Well, listen, thanks for letting me come down. Your uncle probably came down. . . The word just came down this morning.

Самый популярный, конечно, sit down и его знают даже в школе, но он и не фразовый фактически.
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#314

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 93. Частица down (продолжение)

И сочетания с down, которые в базовом значении обозначают простое физическое действие.

TURN DOWN
1. To diminish the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of: Turn down the radio, please. 2. To reject or refuse, as a person, advice, or a suggestion: turned down the invitation. 3. To fold or be capable of folding down: turn a collar down; a collar that turns down.
to turn down the corner of a page загибать страницу. to turn down the coverlet отогнуть/отвернуть покрывало. Turn down the gas/radio/TV убавь газ, сделай радио/телевизор потише. to turn down an offer/a suitor/smb's request отказаться от предложения, отказать поклоннику/кому-л в просьбе. He has already turned down three candidates он уже отверг трех кандидатов. You just don't drop your partner, then turn down his invitation all in one week, do you? I think they should have turned him down. You turned the radio down but not quite off. I couldn't help overhearing that she turned you down for lunch.

TAKE DOWN
1. To bring to a lower position from a higher one. 2. To take apart; dismantle: take down the Christmas tree. 3. To lower the arrogance or the self-esteem of (a person): really took him down during the debate. 4. To put down in writing: take down a letter.
to take down Xmas decorations снять рождественские украшения. to take a book down from a shelf взять книгу с полки. to take down a building сносить здание. to take down записывать. We gotta take it down to the lab, though. All right, take this man down and book him. Could I take down the name of this?

PULL DOWN
1. To demolish; destroy: pull down an old office building. 2. To reduce to a lower level: The bad news pulled down stock prices. 3. To depress, as in spirits or health. 4. Informal To draw (money) as wages: pulls down a hefty salary.
He pulled his hat down over his eyes он надвинул шляпу на глаза. I pulled the sweater down from the shelf я стянул свитер с полки. to pull down the blinds опускать шторы. They've pulled down our old house наш старый дом снесли. The flu pulled me down a lot я после гриппа очень ослаб. Her history mark(s) pulled her down ее подвела оценка по истории. She will pull down the shades, lock the doors and devour each and every one of them, right? Top man can pull down about 30,000.

PUT DOWN
1. a. To write down. b. To enter in a list. 2.
a. To bring to an end; repress: put down a rebellion. b. To render ineffective: put down rumors. 3. To subject (an animal) to euthanasia. 4. a. To criticize: put me down for failing the course. b. To belittle; disparage: put down their knowledge of literature. c. To humiliate: "Many status games seem designed to put down others". 5. a. To assign to a category: Just put him down as a sneak. b. To attribute: Let's put this disaster down to inexperience. 6. To consume (food or drink) readily; put away: puts down three big meals a day.
He put down his rucksack/his suitcase он положил рюкзак, он поставил чемодан. The book was so thrilling I couldn't put it down книга захватывающе интересна, я просто не мог оторваться от нее. We're buying a flat and have to put down a deposit мы покупаем квартиру и должны внести задаток. The bus stopped to put down passengers автобус остановился, чтобы высадить пассажиров. Put it down in your diary запиши это себе в календарь. You should get it put down in writing вам надо бы иметь это в письменной форме. Put it down to my account запиши это на мой счет. We put down her behaviour to nervousness мы объяснили ее поведение расстроенными нервами. The bad harvest can be put down to the dry summer неурожай можно объяснить тем, что лето было очень засушливое. to put down a rebellion подавлять восстание. to put down roots пускать корни. to put a field down to wheat отводить поле под пшеницу. to put down a dog усыплять собаку. I got it all up here, I can't put it down here. Jimmy, put that down for Mr. Norris. Ladies, put your hands down. She put her foot down.

PIN DOWN
1. To fix or establish clearly: She pinned down the cause of the accident. 2. To force (someone) to give firm opinions or precise information: The reporter pinned the governor down on the issue of taxes.
He's difficult to pin down его трудно припереть к стене, он умеет увильнуть от ответа. They wouldn't pin themselves down to a definite date они не хотели связывать себя определенной датой. pin down to связывать. If we move fast, I can still pin down that hockey franchise for you. Yeah, we got it pinned down pretty good.

KNOCK DOWN
1. To bring to the ground with a blow or other forceful action; topple. 2. To disassemble into parts, as for storage or shipping. 3. To declare sold at an auction, as by striking a blow with a gavel. 4. To reduce in amount or intensity: a retailer who knocked down the price by 20 percent; firefighters who knocked down the fire enough to search the house. 5. (Slang) To receive as wages; earn: knocks down $ 50 an hour.
I/the bus knocked him down я сбил/сшиб его с ног/ его сшиб автобус. The horse knocked down the last fence лошадь сбила последний барьер. They are going to knock this house down этот дом хотят сносить. This house is due to be knocked down этот дом предназначен на снос. the vase was knocked down for £ 1 ваза пошла с молотка за один фунт. The assistant knocked the price down by £ 5 продавец сбавил цену на пять фунтов. I got the price knocked down by £ 3 я выторговал три фун¬та. I realize that no one's knocking down the door with offers yet, but I was a big star. And that knocks the book down.

LAY DOWN
1. To give up and surrender: laid down their arms. 2. To specify: laid down the rules. 3. To store for the future.
to lay a book down on the table положить книгу на стол. to lay down one's life сложить голову. to lay a field down to grass засеивать поле травой. to lay down wine выдёрживать вино. He likes to lay down the law он любит командовать. Follow the procedure laid down in the manual поступайте, как сказано в руководстве. And you laid down some heavy bread to back it up. Now you see, you lay it down six inches. He laughed and lay down in the grass. She lay down and put her hands over her head.

LET DOWN
1. To cause to come down gradually; lower: let down the sails. 2. To withdraw support from; forsake. 3. To fail to meet the expectations of; disappoint.
to let down the curtain опускать занавес. My skirt/this tyre needs let ting down мою юбку надо удлинить/ шину надо немного спустить. He'll never let you down он никогда не подведёт. The weather/the car let us down нас подвела погода/машина. I promise I will not let you down. My car let me down again.

HOLD DOWN
1. To limit: Please hold the noise down. 2. To fulfill the duties of (a job): holds down two jobs.
The invaders couldn't hold the country down for long захватчики не могли долго держать страну в подчинении. We held down the burglar till the police arrived мы задержали вора до прихода полиции. We can't hold down prices much longer мы не сможем долго удерживать цены на нынешнем/существующем уровне. He can't hold down a job он не может удержаться ни на какой работе. Just hold it down here. I guess the sharks must have cut through whatever was holding him down.

GET DOWN
1. To descend. 2. To give one's attention. Often used with to: Let's get down to work. 3. To exhaust, discourage, or depress: The heat was getting me down. 4. To swallow: got the pill down on the first try. 5. To describe in writing: If I could just get down how I feel! 6. Informal To lose one's inhibitions; enjoy oneself wholeheartedly.
to get a book down from a shelf брать книгу с полки. I got the medicine down я проглотил лекарство. to get down from a train/a ladder/the table сходить с поезда/ спускаться с лестницы/ вставать из-за стола. He got down on his hands and knees он встал/опустился на четвереньки. Get it down there and just pull the trigger. I'm gonna get down there this week for sure. You know, on top of everything else, this case has just got me down.

GET DOWN TO

Let's get down to business давай перейдем к делу. to get down to work взяться за работу. Now we can get down to business. Should we get down to business?

DROP DOWN
fall or descend to a lower place or level: He sank to his knees
drop down наносить неожиданный визит. The guy dropped it down in the driveway. Every time you push the play button the needle drops down right in the middle and always in the same spot.

CUT DOWN
1. To kill or strike down. 2. To alter by removing extra or additional fittings: cut down a car for racing. 3. To reduce the amount taken or used: cutting down on one's intake of rich foods.
I don't want to cut down on my standard of living. We're gonna cut down marginal accounts and start promoting ourselves for a change.

BREAK DOWN
1. To cause to collapse; destroy: break down a partition; broke down our resolve. 2. To become or cause to become distressed or upset. To have a physical or mental collapse. 3. To give up resistance; give way: prejudices that break down slowly. 4. To fail to function; cease to be useful, effective, or operable: The elevator broke down. 5. To render or become weak or ineffective: Opposition to the king's rule gradually broke down his authority. 6. To divide into or consider in parts; analyze. To be divisible; admit of analysis: The population breaks down into three main groups. 7. To decompose or cause to decompose chemically. 8. (Electricity) To undergo a breakdown.
to break down a door/ resistance взломать дверь, сломить сопротивление. to break down expenditure давать детальный отчет о расходах, анализировать расходы. The car broke down машина сломалась вышла из строя. She /her health broke down ее здоровье сдало/пошатнулось. Our plans/ negotiations broke down наши планы рухнули / переговоры были сорваны. He broke down in the middle of his speech он запнулся в середине. She broke down and wept/confessed она не выдержала и расплакалась/и призналась. They'll break down the door. My car, it broke down right on the freeway. You see, the air conditioner had broken down.

BRING DOWN
1. To cause to fall or collapse: a shot that brought down a bird; a demolition crew that brought down a building. 2. To force to the ground, as by tackling. 3. To cause to lose power or leave office: The scandal brought down the prime minister. 4. To kill. 5. To disappoint or dispirit: The cancellation of the ballgame brought us down.
The gale brought down the telephone wires/the old oak ветром сорвало телефонные провода, старый дуб свалило бурей. The enemy brought down five of our aircraft противник сбил пять наших самолетов; to bring down prices снижать цены; to bring the house down вызвать бурные аплодисменты (win applause) взрыв смеха. That brought him down to earth with a bump ну и пришлось ему спуститься с небес на землю. Bring it down. I want to bring them down to the lab. . .
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#315

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 94. Частица down (продолжение)
И еще несколько оставшихся достаточно "популярных" сочетаний с down.


SETTLE DOWN
1. To begin living a stable and orderly life: He settled down as a farmer with a family. 2. To become calm or composed.
When the excitement settled down когда возбуждение улеглось. He has married and settled down он женился и остепенился. He can't settle down anywhere он нигде не может осесть. I can't settle down to work я никак не могу спокойно сесть за работу. He is settling down in the new job он осваивается на новой работе. Things seem to be settling down похоже, что дела налаживаются. After five minutes everything finally settled down. You’ll settle down and put your life in order.

WRITE DOWN
1. To set down in writing. 2. Accounting To record a reduced value for (an asset): forced to write down a security after a fall in its market value. 3. Accounting To record (a loss) by reducing the value of an asset: wrote down $ 10 million in bad debt. 4. To write in a conspicuously simple or condescending style: felt he had to write down to his students. 5. To disparage in writing: a film that was written down in the magazine.
to write down smb's address записывать чей-л адрес. He wrote down a few notes он сделал несколько замёток. I wrote him down as a fool я счёл его дураком. Why did you write down the number? I just don't know what to write down in the report. The way he used to write down ideas on odd scraps of paper, backs of matches. . . That's what I have written down.

LOOK DOWN
1. (intr, adverb; foll by on or upon) to express or show contempt or disdain (for) 2. look down one's nose at informal to be contemptuous or disdainful of.
don't look down не смотри вниз. Looking down from the window глядя вниз из окна. She looked down in embarrassment она смущённо потупила взор. The castle looks down on the village замок высится над деревней. They look down on us они смотрят на нас свысока. The stranger looked down in some embarrassment. Look down there. He kept looking down at his feet and sounding a drawn-out Me-eh-eh.

QUIET DOWN
The child eventually quieted down в конце концов ребёнок успокоился/угомонился. His anger quieted down его гнев утих. The wind quieted down ветер утих. Then we quieted down and everything proceeded as smooth as butter. The dogs, who had been calling out to each other through the night, had quieted down and had probably returned to their underground world. They shouted and laughed for a while but then quieted down and pushed on through the forest.

CALM DOWN
The creature cursing in the tree stayed for a long time, unable to calm down. Calm down and stay where you are!
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#316

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 95. Частица down (продолжение)

И тоже как пример один из таких глаголов. Посмотрим на значения из трех словарей и как это можно "привести в порядок".

KNOCK DOWN
1. To bring to the ground with a blow or other forceful action; topple.
2. To disassemble into parts, as for storage or shipping.
3. To declare sold at an auction, as by striking a blow with a gavel. 4. To reduce in amount or intensity: a retailer who knocked down the price by 20 percent; firefighters who knocked down the fire enough to search the house.
5. (Slang) To receive as wages; earn: knocks down $ 50 an hour.

Knock down: demolish. They knocked down the old church
Knock down: hit and injure someone. The car knocked her down and she broke her arm.

I/the bus knocked him down я сбил/сшиб его с ног/ его сшиб автобус. The horse knocked down the last fence лошадь сбила последний барьер. They are going to knock this house down этот дом хотят сносить. This house is due to be knocked down этот дом предназначен на снос. the vase was knocked down for £ 1 ваза пошла с молотка за один фунт. The assistant knocked the price down by £ 5 продавец сбавил цену на пять фунтов. I got the price knocked down by £ 3 я выторговал три фун¬та.

(1) Прямое, базовое значение, разумеется, понятно – "сбить".
(2) Снести дом – тоже понятно.
(3) Сбить цену – так же, в общем-то, говорят и по-русски.

И два специальных значения – нужно ли их знать уже зависит от уровня владения языком.
(4) Продать с молотка
(5) зарабатывать, получать (сленг).

И также список некоторых существительных и прилагательных, получающихся их таких глаголов.

brush-down: to give someone a brush-down почистить кого-нибудь; to give a horse a brush-down почистить коня; to have a brush-down почиститься.
breakdown 1 поломка, авария; he's had a (nervous) breakdown его здоровье пошатнулось, у него нервное истощение; breakdown service аварийная служба; 2 (analysis) анализ; a breakdown of expenses анализ затрат.
build-down сокращение (вооружений).
close-down остановка работы; закрытие предприятия
comedown: it was a great comedown for her to have to take a cleaner's job ей пришлось пойти работать уборщицей—такой удар по ее самолюбию.
let-down разочарование.
lockdown блокировка, изоляция
knockdown: they were selling tights at knockdown prices там продавались колготки по снижен¬ным ценам.
sit-down: a sit-down strike сидячая забастовка.
wash-down мытье, мойка.
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#317

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 96. Частица in

Теперь сочетания с частицей in.

Здесь надо сразу отметить, что гораздо чаще это слово используется как предлог и сочетания с именно наречной частицей можно встреть гораздо реже, чем, например, с up (исключение, конечно, очень "популярное" come in). Тем не менее, некоторые такие составные глаголы представляют интерес.
Первая порция:

COME IN
1. a. To arrive: Fall clothes will be coming in soon. b. To become available for use: New weather information just came in. c. To start producing. Used of an oil well. 2. To arrive among those who finish a contest or race: came in fifth. 3. To perform or function in a particular way: A food processor comes in handy. 4. To reply in a specified manner to a call or signal: The pilot's voice came in loud and clear. 5. To take on a specified role: When editorial review commences, that's where you come in.
Tell her to come in at once скажи ей, пусть сейчас же войдет. Come in! (in answer to knock) войдите! (to smb on doorstep, or on threshold of room) входите!, заходите! He came in first/third он вошел первым/третьим. The train/plane from Kiev has come in прибыл поезд/самолет из Киева. The tide is coming in начинается прилив. Long skirts have come in again длинные юбки опять в моде/вошли в моду.
Molly, would you come in for a minute? Sometimes it comes in handy.

MOVE IN
To begin to occupy a residence or place of business.
Troops have been moved in были введены войска. Sasha has moved in with us Саша переехал к нам. As soon as we got divorced, I moved in. You're moving in on the spa already.

DROP IN
visit informally and spontaneously: we frequently drop by the neighbors' house for a cup of coffee
to drop in to see smb зайти к кому-л. Do drop in on us if you are in the neighbourhood загляните к нам, если будете поблизости. Almost anything can drop in. So you drop in for a pint of wallop? Sometimes things drop in.

GO IN
1. To take part in a cooperative venture: went in with the others to buy a present. 2. To make an approach, as before an attack: Troops went in at dawn.
to go into the kitchen входить в кухню. He has gone into hospital/into digs/into the Navy он лег в больницу / он снял комнату/ он пошел во флот. Will everything go into the boot? все вещи войдут в ба¬гажник? to go into hysterics/into detail впадать в истерику, вдаваться в подробности. Let's not go into that now не будем пока касаться этого. Just a minute, mister, you can't go in. . . Let's go in tight. Well, ladies and gentlemen, perhaps we should go in. Lieutenant, I have to go in this way.

GET IN
1. To enter: got in the garage. 2. To arrive: We got in late last night. 3. To become or cause to become involved: She got in with the wrong crowd. Repeated loans from the finance company got me deeper in debt. 4. To become accepted, as in a club. 5. To succeed in making or doing: got in six deliveries before noon.
to get in the harvest убирать урожай. I've got in the week's shop¬ping я сделал покупки на неделю. Get the chairs in before it rains унеси стулья в дом, пока нет дождя. to get the doctor/police in вызывать врача/полицию. He got his blow in first он первым нанес удар. She /the post got in late она/почта пришла поздно. What time do you get in from work? во сколько ты приходишь с работы? The train/he got in on time поезд/он прибыл вовремя. Get in! (to car) садись!,залезай! You wouldn't get it in with a conventional chute harness. Get in and get a workout. A burglar got in.


RUN IN
1. To insert or include as something extra: ran in an illustration next to the first paragraph. 2. Printing To make a solid body of text without a paragraph or other break. 3. Slang To take into legal custody. 4. To pay a casual visit: We ran in for an hour.
to run a new car in обкатывать новую машину. He was run in for dangerous driving его задержали за нарушение правил дорожного движения. He ran in он вбежал. I assume he heard the explosion and ran in to see what happened. 1 ran If he heard the explosion and ran in to see what happened, why didn't he take out his gun?

WALK IN
enter by walking: she walks in at all hours, as if she lived here
I keep expecting her to walk in through the door. Now, when Mr. Kane arrived, well, the door was open, he just walked in.
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#318

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 97. Частица in (продолжение)

И вторая "порция".

PUT IN
1. To make a formal offer of: put in a plea of guilty. 2. To introduce, as in conversation; interpose: He put in a good word for me. 3. To spend (time) at a location or job: I put in eight hours at the office. 4. To plant: We put in 20 rows of pine trees. 5. To make (a telephone call): I put in a call to the school principal. 6. To apply: put in for early retirement.
I put a cheque in with my letter я вложил чек в письмо. did you put the swimsuits in? ты положил купальные костюмы? to put a key in a lock вставить ключ в замок. to put in a window pane вставить оконное стекло. to put coins in a slot machine опускать монеты в автомат. They've just put in our telephone нам только что поставили телефон. to put in a remark вставить замечание. He put in a good word for me with the director он замолвил за меня словечко перед директором. She put in a brief appearance at our party она недолго побыла у нас на вечере. She put in an hour's practice on the violin before breakfast она успела до завтрака час поиграть на скрипке. He has put in a lot of time on the plans он много времени потратил на составление планов. to put in a claim for damages предъявлять иск об убытках. to put in an order/an application for smth заказывать что-л or подавать заявку на что-л, подавать заявление о чем-л. to put in for a job/for a transfer подать заявление о приеме на работу/о переводе; You want me to put it in with the baggage? after the fire, the ship put in for repairs.

BREAK IN
1. To train or adapt for a purpose. 2. To loosen or soften with use: break in new shoes. 3. To enter premises forcibly or illegally: a prowler who was trying to break in. 4. To interrupt a conversation or discussion. To intrude. 5. To begin an activity or undertaking: The Senator broke in during the war years.
to break in a horse объезжать лошадь. to break in a new employee приучать нового служащего к работе. Thieves broke in and robbed the shop воры влезли в магазин и обчистили его. "But how?" he broke in «Но как?»—перебил он. We'll go over the details of how you are to break in. Well, it's clear enough some neighborhood hoodlum finally broke in.

BRING IN
1. Law To give or submit (a verdict) to a court. 2. To produce, yield, or earn (profits or income).
to bring in the wounded вносить раненых. We brought in an expert to advise мы консультировались со специалистом. to bring in a bill вносить законопроект. to bring in an income приносить доход. to bring in guilty выносить обвинительный приговор. They brought him in not guilty его признали невиновным. Bring him in. If you catch something good, bring it in. May I ask the program chairman if he still intends to bring in outside guests? Brought it in under the fist, did Whitey Brenner.

SEND IN
1. To cause to arrive or to be delivered to the recipient: Let's send in a letter of protest. 2. (Sports) To put (a player) into or back into a game or contest: The coach is sending in the kicker. 3. To cause (someone) to arrive in or become involved in a particular place or situation: The commander sent in the sappers. It's time to send in the lawyers.
Send him in! пусть он войдет. He had his card/name sent in он просил доложить о себе. He sent in his resignation/ application for the contest он подал заявление об уходе/на участие в конкурсе. Send him in. Send in Miss Johnson, please.

FILL IN
1. To write information in (a blank space, as on a form). 2. To write in (information) in a blank space.
3. Informal To provide with information that is essential or newly acquired: I wasn't there—would you fill me in? 4. To act as a substitute; stand in: an understudy who filled in at the last minute.
to fill in/up a hole with sand засыпать яму песком. to fill in/up one's time by reading заполнить время чтением. to fill in a form/a questionnaire заполнить бланк/анкету. Fill in your name, age and sex напишите/впишите ваше имя, фамилию, возраст, пол. Fill in the date проставьте число. to fill in cracks in a wall заштукатурить трещины в стене. I'll fill in the details я добавлю подробности. I filled him in я ввел его в курс дела. I'm filling in for the director я замещаю директора. You could be a big help to me, sir, if you fill me in with certain details. The secretary phoned in sick so I have to fill in. So I think it would be a good idea. . . if you filled in for me until I get there.

CALL IN
1. To take out of circulation: calling in silver dollars. 2. To summon for assistance or consultation: call in a specialist. 3. To communicate with another by telephone: Has the boss called in today?
The police were called in вызвали полицию. They are calling in old banknotes старые банкноты надо возвращать в банк. Let's call a cop car in.

CHECK IN
To register, as at a hotel.
I've checked in my baggage (at airport) я сдал багаж. to check in at a hotel регистрироваться/расплачиваться в гостинице.
But he never checked in. Everyone's checked in but Russell and he's undercover in Santa Barbara.

CLOSE IN
1. To seem to be gathering in on all sides: The problems closed in. 2. To advance on a target so as to block escape: The police closed in on the sniper. 3. To surround so as to make unusable: The airport was closed in by fog.
The police closed in on the fugitives полиция окружила беглецов. The days are closing in дни становятся короче. Night closed in наступила ночь. And that louse David Lang is closing in on me.

FIT IN
1. to give a place or time to: if my schedule allows it, I'll fit you in. 2. to belong or conform, esp after adjustment: he didn't fit in with their plans.
The cupboard will fit in here шкаф войдет сюда. I can fit you in next week я могу назначить вам встречу на следующей неделе. I fitted in my holiday with his я подогнал время своего отпуска к его. Can you fit me in? (to car, etc. ) у вас найдется для меня место в машине? (for the night) я могу у вас переночевать? (for an interview) вы можете меня принять? How is he fitting in at work? как он входит в работу?
FIT IN WITH
I don't think he'll fit in well with us я думаю, мы с ним вряд ли поладим. that fits in with my plans это вполне совпадает с моими планами. They're not arriving until Thursday, which fits in with my schedule for the week. his rudeness yesterday fits in with what i have always thought of his behaviour.

GIVE IN
1. To hand in; submit: She gave in her report. 2. To cease opposition; yield.
he gave in his resignation он подал в отставку. he gave in an application for leave он подал заявление об отпуске. (surrender) сдаваться, поддаться. Don't give in не сдавайся. You give in to her too easily ты слишком легко ей поддаешься. I can't give in like this. If we give in to him now. . . Now, say you don't give in to him. I was an idiot for giving in.

LET IN
1. to allow to enter 2. let in for: to involve (oneself or another) in (something more than is expected): he let himself in for a lot of extra work. 3. let in on to allow (someone) to know about or participate in
let me in впусти меня. he let himself in он отпер дверь и вошёл. the roof lets in rain крыша течёт. the window barely lets in any light окно еле пропускает свет. shall we let her in on this? расскажем ей об этом? I think you drove out and came back later when your brother let you in. I'll let you in on a little secret. It would have been necessary for someone to let the murderer in. Oh, the janitor was nice enough to let me in.
LET IN FOR
This has let me in for a lot of expense это влетело мне в копеечку.


Но, как я уже сказал, такие составные глаголы с in употребляются не так часто – гораздо чаще in употребляется как предлог.
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#319

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 98. Частица in (продолжение)

И как пример, скажем, составной глагол break in.

1. To train or adapt for a purpose.
2. To loosen or soften with use: break in new shoes.
3. To enter premises forcibly or illegally: a prowler who was trying to break in.
4. To interrupt a conversation or discussion. To intrude.
5. To begin an activity or undertaking: The Senator broke in during the war years.

Carefully use new products until they are fully functional. I must watch my speed until I break in my new Volvo.
Go into a building to steal something. The burglars broke in and stole the TV and video.
Interrupt something. I'm sorry to break in on your conversation, but there's a problem.

to break in a horse объезжать лошадь.
to break in a new employee приучать нового служащего к работе.
Thieves broke in and robbed the shop воры влезли в магазин и обчистили его.
"But how?" he broke in «Но как?»—перебил он.

(1) Буквальное значение, наверное, можно перевести как "вломиться", и в случае кражи имеется ввиду кража со взломом (по крайней мере, в первоначальном значении)
(2) Отсюда и вполне понятно, разумеется, "вломиться в разговор).
(3) И, конечно, более отвлеченное – это постепенно что-то или кого-то приводить в рабочее состояние. Тут речь может идти и о работнике, и о лошади, и о машине и о разнашивании обуви.

И некоторые вот такие сочетания:

built-in: built-in cupboards встроенные шкафы.
fall-in построение.
lead-in введение, ввод.
pull-in: придорожная стоянка; придорожное кафе.
sit-in: the students have organized a sit-in студенты устроили сидячую демонстрацию.
stand-in: замена; дублер.
write-in n кандидат, дополнительно внесенный в список.
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#320

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 99. Частица out

Наречной частицей, противоположной по смыслу in, является out (составные глаголы с ней употребляются гораздо чаще, чем с in).
Первая "порция" достаточно часто встречающихся:

COME OUT
1. To become known: The whole story came out at the trial. 2. To be issued or brought out: The author's new book just came out. 3. To make a formal social debut: She came out at age 18 in New York City. 4. To end up; result: Everything came out wrong. 5. To declare oneself publicly: The governor came out in favor of tax breaks. 6. To reveal that one is a gay man, a lesbian, or a bisexual.
The cork/mark won't come out пробка не вытаскивается/ пятно не сходит. The buds are coming out почки распускаются. The book came out in the spring книга вышла весной. She came out in a rash/ with all her troubles у нее выступила сыпь/ она излила мне все свой печали и заботы. He came out well in the photo он хорошо вышел на снимке. Actually, I thought if I got the chance, I'd like to come out here one more time before I left. Come out here and I can hear you a little better. Well, he asked me to come out on his yacht. Well, the tiniest little accent came out.

GET OUT
1. To leave or escape: Our canary got out. 2. To become known: Somehow the secret got out. 3. To publish, as a newspaper.
to get smth out of one's pockets вынимать что-л из кармана. I got the book out of the library я взял эту книгу в библиотеке. I couldn't get a word out я не мог и слова вымолвить. They got the book out издатели выпустили книгу. I think you should get out more. Get him out. I'm gonna try to get out.

GO OUT
1. To become extinguished. 2. To go outdoors; leave one's residence: He went out at 7:00. 3. To take part in social life outside the home: goes out a lot. 4. To be romantically involved: They've been going out for two years. 5. To feel sympathy or pity: My heart goes out to the storm victims. 6. To become unfashionable: High boots went out last year. 7. To undergo structural collapse: The bridge went out.
I'm going out riding/to Australia я иду кататься на ло¬шади, я еду в Австралию. He doesn't go out much these days теперь он мало где бы¬вает. He's going out a lot with Nina он везде появляется с Ниной. The tide is going out начался отлив. The tide has gone out отлив кончился. The fire's gone out огонь потух. He's going all out for that job он всей душой стремится к этой работе. Go out there and find him. I told Janie she could go out tonight. The answer may go out. Well, you see, when the power went off, the lights went out.

RUN OUT
1. To become used up; be exhausted: Our supplies finally ran out. 2. To put out by force; compel to leave: We ran him out of town. 3. To become void, especially through the passage of time or an omission: an insurance policy that had run out. 4. To cause or allow (the time remaining in a sports contest) to elapse.
The lease runs out tomorrow срок аренды истекает завтра. Supplies ran out запасы иссякли. According to the manager, White must have put that reel on at 7: 30 and it ran out at 7: 5 5. The reel that ran out was the second reel of the picture. The statute of limitations hasn't run out yet on the Mann Act.

WALK OUT
He walked out of the room/the meeting он вышел из комнаты, он ушёл с собрания. The mechanics have walked out механики прекратили работу. The men are threatening to walk out рабочие грозят забастовкой. She's walking out with him она встречается с ним. Gonna walk out and take the book. . . So she came in and now she walked out without it.

WALK OUT ON
To desert or abandon.
walk out on someone бросить кого-либо. His wife walked out on him от него ушла жена. Allen was about to walk out on him, taking a best-selling book with him. Allen walked out on me, took his latest book to another publisher, and I suppose in anger, I killed him.

SLIP OUT
I’ll slip out for some bread я сбегаю за хлебом. I let it slip out without thinking у меня это вылетело нечаянно. So Mr. Danziger could have slipped out. So, we already know that Dudek slipped out by himself somewhere.

STEP OUT
1. To walk briskly. 2. To go outside for a short time. 3. (Informal) To go out for a special evening of entertainment. 4. To withdraw; quit.
They stepped out the 10 metres они отмерили шагами десять метров. Step out or we'll be late прибавь шагу, а то мы опоздаем. They've stepped out for a cigarette. Now, if you step out here on this ledge, you get a better view. I just stepped out for a for a moment, sir, to get a little sniff of the fresh air. Oh, he stepped out a few moments ago.

MOVE OUT
to vacate a residence, place of business, etc, or help (someone) to do this
our neighbours have just moved out наши соседи недавно съехали с квартиры. The factory is moving out to the suburbs фабрику переводят на окраину. Okay, boys, move him out. The strangest thing is, one of the reasons I gave him for moving out here away from New York, that the crime rate was not quite so high.

PASS OUT
To lose consciousness.
He got so drunk that he passed out. I don't want you to pass out. I mean, I actually pass out. Oh, she could have passed out from the gas.

DRIVE OUT
force to go away.
to drive cows out to the meadows выгнать коров в луга. He did say that he was going to take a drive out to the beach. So I thought I'd drive out there and discuss it with him. You don't mind driving yourself out to the house, do you? And then drove me out there, dropped me, and after that I don't know anything.

FALL OUT
1. a. To leave a barracks, for example, in order to take one's place in a military formation. b. To leave a military formation. 2. To quarrel: The siblings fell out over their inheritance. 3. To happen; occur: What fell out while we were gone? 4. To be readily explainable; follow logically or naturally: These facts fall out nicely from the new theory.
It fell out that. . . случилось так, что. . . We fell out over money мы поссорились из-за денег. My nephew wears them and half the time they're falling out.
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#321

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 100. Частица out (продолжение)

И еще одна порция:

THROW OUT
1. To give off; emit: searchlights throwing out powerful beams. 2. To reject or discard: The committee threw out her proposal. 3. To get rid of as useless: threw out the garbage. 4. Informal To offer, as a suggestion or plan: They sat around throwing out names of people they might want to invite to the party. 5. To force to leave a place or position, especially in an abrupt or unexpected manner: The convicted judge was thrown out of office. The headwaiter threw the disorderly guest out. 6. To disengage (a clutch, for example). To put out of alignment: threw my back out. 7. Baseball: To put out (a base runner) by throwing the ball to the player guarding the base to which the base runner is moving.
to throw out a suggestion отвергать предложение. to throw out a hint about smth намечать на что-л. to throw out ideas/suggestions выдвигать идеи/предложения. this threw out our calculations это опрокинуло наши расчеты. to throw out shoots выбрасывать побеги. to throw out rubbish выбросить мусор. He was thrown out on to the street его выкинули на улицу. He threatened to throw her out and close the office. My wife says I never throw anything out. If she did clean up the room, then everything gets thrown out. You'd be thrown out for lack of evidence.

TURN OUT
1. To shut off: turned out the lights. 2. To arrive or assemble, as for a public event or entertainment: Many protesters have turned out. 3. To produce, as by a manufacturing process; make: an assembly line turning out cars. 4. To be found to be, as after experience or trial: The rookie turned out to be the team's best hitter. 5. To end up; result: The cake turned out beautifully. 6. To equip; outfit: troops that were turned out lavishly. 7. Informal To get out of bed. 8. To evict; expel: The tenants were turned out.
to turn cattle out to grass выгонять скот на пастбище. He was turned out of the bar его выгнали из бара. The college turns out good teachers этот институт выпускает хороших педагогов. The factory turns out poor goods эта фабрика выпускает плохие товары. Not many turned out for the meeting на собрание пришло мало людей. People won't turn out if it rains если будет плохая погода, люди не придут. Doctors don't like turning out at night врачи не любят ночные вызовы. Her dress did not turn out well ее платье не получилось. It all turned out well все обошлось благополучно. It turned out that he arrived first оказалось,/так получилось, что он пришел первым. He turned out to be a doctor он оказался врачом. As it turned out he already knew her как оказалось, он уже был с ней знаком. Frank, would you turn out the lights? You know, even if Mr. Paris's death should turn out for certain to be not from natural causes, you didn't have a motive. We meet for chess once or twice a month, and last night turned out to be a marathon session. And it turned out this car belonged to a Roger Dutton and he's a marine colonel, Mrs.

TAKE OUT
1. To extract or remove: took the splinter out. Slang To kill: gangsters plotting to take out their rivals. Slang To destroy, as in an armed attack: The bombers took out the radio station. 2. To secure by application to an authority: take out a mortgage; take out a marriage license. 3. Informal To escort, as a date. 4. To give vent to: Don't take your frustration out in such an aggressive manner. 5. To obtain as an equivalent in a different form: took out the money owed in services. 6. Informal To begin a course; set out: The police took out after the thieves. 7. To land a small boat and remove it from the water: The canoeists took out above the rapids.
She took him out of the room/for a walk она вывела его из комнаты/гулять. Take that dog out at once сейчас же выведи (outside house)/увели (remove) эту собаку. My husband never takes me out мой муж никуда со мной не ходит. to take money out of the bank/a book out of the library/a quotation out of the Bible взять деньги в банке/книгу в библиотеке/цитату из библии. Take your hands out of your pockets вынь руки из карманов. The cost of the repair was taken out of his wage стоимость ремонта вычли из его зарплаты. He needs something to take him out of himself его нужно чем-то отвлечь от его мыслей. to take out a patent/a gun licence/an insurance policy взять патент, получить разрешение на ношение оружия/страховой полис. I've taken out a subscription to Punch я подписался на «Панч», я выписываю «Панч». The heat/journey took it out of me меня измучила жара/дорога. I know you are angry, but don't take it out on me я знаю, ты не в духе, но не срывай раздражение на мне. They had to take that out and put this other stuff in. Why would a suicidal woman type a goodbye note, - put it in the machine and take it out again? 1 take If he heard the explosion and ran in to see what happened, why didn't he take out his gun?

STAY OUT
1. to remain away from home: the cat stayed out all night. 2. to remain beyond the end of: to stay out a welcome. 3. to remain throughout: to stay the night out.
We haven't a garage, so the car has to stay out у нас нет гаража, поэтому машина стоит на улице. Don't stay out late поздно не возвращайся. Try and stay out of trouble/debt не лезь на рожон, постарайся не влезать в долги. They stayed out (on strike) они забастовали. But how many husbands whose wives stay out all night can reassure themselves she's monitoring a group-therapy marathon, especially husbands my age with young wives. How many husbands would say that to a wife who's about to stay out all night? 1 stay Just as we agreed, we're gonna stay out until your nephew's released. It stayed out on that cliff for a week.

STRAIGHTEN OUT
1. To resolve (a confusion or conflict). 2. To make less confused or troubled: tried to straighten out the problem student.
to straighten out one's ideas/a timetable/a misunderstanding разобраться в своих мыслях/с расписанием, устранить недоразумение. Helped straighten things out in my mind. I'm hoping to straighten things out. I just spoke to your secretary and she straightened the whole thing out.

SELL OUT
1. To sell all of a supply of something: We have sold out of that model. 2. To cause (someone) to have sold an entire supply of something: The bakery is sold out of those pastries. 3. To be entirely sold: Her new novel has sold out. 4. Slang: To betray one's principles or colleagues: He sold out to the other side.
He sold out his share of the business он продал свою долю/свой пай в деле. This item is sold out этот товар распродан. The shop is sold out of tomatoes в магазине кончились помидоры. The concert is sold out на концерт все билеты проданы. He's going to sell us out. Hell, we can sell out Tommy Brown for damn near a month here.

SEND OUT
1. To distribute or dispatch something to numerous people or places. A noun or pronoun can be used between "send" and "out. " We sent the invitations out last week, but no one has replied yet. We'll be sending out review copies of the game to various people in the media next week. 2. To dismiss someone (from some place). A noun or pronoun can be used between "send" and "out. " The principal sent the student out so she could speak to his parents in private. The boss sent me out of his office with a stern warning not to be late again. 3. To request or order that someone go (some place) and bring someone or something back. Usually followed by "for. " A noun or pronoun can be used between "send" and "out. " I've sent your father out for a doctor. Hopefully, they'll be back soon. I didn't feel like cooking that night, so I decided to send the kids out to get a pizza instead.
to send out a signal послать сигнал. A search party was sent out выслали поисковую партию. The pupils were sent out for misbehaving учеников выгнали из класса за плохое поведение. I sent her out for some fresh air я послал ее подышать воздухом. I sent out the invitations yesterday я вчера разослал приглашения. 1 send I know how bad you hate to keep asking all those stupid questions that they send you out here to ask. Now he's got a ranch, couple of Cadillacs, sends out embossed Christmas cards.

MAKE OUT
1. To discern or see, especially with difficulty: I could barely make out the traffic signs through the rain.
2. To understand: could not make out what she said. 3. To write out; draw up: made out the invoices. 4. To fill in (a form, for example). 5. To represent as being: made me out to be a liar. 6. To try to establish or prove: He made out that he was innocent. 7. To get along in a given way; fare: made out well in business. 8. (Slang) a. To neck; pet. b. To have sexual intercourse.

How do you make that out? как ты пришёл к такому выводу? How is he making out? как у него успехи? I'm waiting to hear how you made out at the bank. Ralph was the greatest at everything, he thought better, talked better, made out better, Ralph was the greatest. I mean, when you hold them up, you can't make them out.
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#322

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 101. Частица out (продолжение)

И еще одна порция – составные глаголы с out довольно "популярны".

PICK OUT
1. To choose or select: picked out a nice watch. 2. To discern from the surroundings; distinguish: picked out their cousins from the crowd
She picked out three names from the list она отобрала три фамилии из списка. It's hard to pick her out in the crowd трудно отличить ее в толпе. to pick out a tune on the piano подбирать мелодию на рояле. The inscription was picked out in gold надпись была сделана золотом. No, I want you to pick out the restaurant and I'm going to pick up the check. You see, you didn't pick out this one or this one or this one. I understood his nephew picked out all his paintings.

POINT OUT
to indicate or specify
He pointed her out to me он указал мне на нее. to point out smb's faults указывать на чьи-л недостатки. He pointed out that. . . он указал, что. . . As to that being any sort of motive, let me point out that I am wealthy in my own right, with neither wife nor darling kiddies to encumber me. You're after me for some reason and all I'm trying to do is point out that that will doesn't prove a thing. I couldn't find any evidence of any shooting in that house you pointed out.

PULL OUT
1. To leave or depart: The train pulls out at noon. 2. To withdraw, as from a situation or commitment: After the crash, many Wall Street investors pulled out.
to pull out a cork/a handkerchief вытащить пробку/носовой платок. I pulled the cat out of the water я вытащил кошку из воды. to pull out a drawer выдвигать ящик. to pull a plug out of a socket выжимать штепсель из . розетки. the general pulled the troops out of the area генерал вывел войска из этого района. The train pulled out (of the station) поезд отошел (от станции). We pulled out to overtake the bus мы выехали на левую/ правую полосу, чтобы обогнать автобус. to pull out of an area оставлять район. He pulled out of the deal at the last moment он вышел из игры в самый последний момент. He's in one of his moods, but he'll pull out of it он не в духе, но это скоро пройдет. He's going to pull the rug out from under all of us. Well, sir, you-you-you did pull out without looking. He pulled the rug out from under you when he left his collection to Mrs. Smith. This guy just pulled up out front.

PUT OUT
1. To extinguish: put out a fire. 2. Nautical To leave, as a port or harbor; depart. 3. To expel: put out a drunk from the bar. 4. To publish: put out a weekly newsletter. 5. a. To inconvenience: Did our early arrival put you out? b. To offend or irritate: I was put out by his attention to the television set. 6. To make an effort: We've really had to put out to get this project finished.
to put out the rubbish выносить мусор. Put the dog out for five minutes выпусти собаку на пять минут. to put a horse out to grass пускать лошадь пастись. to put out the washing/flags развешивать белье, вывешивать флаги. He should put that/all thought of that out of his head пусть он выбросит это/всякую мысль об этом из головы. (extend) to put out one's hand (in greeting, for money) протягивать руку. to put one's head out of the window высунуть голову в окно. to put out one's tongue высунуть/показать язык. to put out shoots пускать ростки. to put one's knee out вывихивать себе колено. (extinguish) to put out the light гасить/тушить/выключать свет. to put out a fire тушить пожар. He put out his cigarette он погасил сигарету. to put out a rumour пустить слух. The government put out a statement правительство выступило с заявлением. he was obviously put out about it он был явно этим недоволен. Nothing ever puts her out ее невозможно вывести из себя; (inconvenience) I don't want to put you out я не хочу вас затруднять. Don't put yourself out не беспокойтесь. Pick it up and put it out. Don't put it out. Please put out your cigar.

KNOCK OUT
1. To render unconscious. 2. Sports To defeat (a boxing opponent) by a knockout. 3. To render useless or inoperative: The storm knocked out the phones. 4. To excite or overwhelm, especially by being sexually attractive. 5. To exert or exhaust (oneself or another) to the utmost: knocked herself out to be ready on time. 6. To produce in abundance: The workers knocked out 500 parts in one hour. 7. To inactivate (a gene or genes) by genetic manipulation so that the resulting phenotypic effects can be observed.
He was knocked out by the blow он потерял сознание от удара. He knocked out his pipe он выбил трубку. I knocked the nonsense out of him я выбил из него дурь. They were almost a lethal dose certainly enough to knock somebody out. He was knocked out and drowned. That is a progressive memory disease that knocks out the memory cells.

HAND OUT
1. To distribute freely; disseminate. 2. To administer or deal out.
5 million and you're willing to hand it out to anybody who has a sad story and a rumpled suit.
And you hand out cards, right? Here, put your hand out. That means handing it out like Halloween candy to a bunch of grifters who've never done a day's work in their lives?

FILL OUT
1. To complete (a form, for example) by providing required information: carefully filled out the job application. 2. To become or make more fleshy: He filled out after age 35.
Before I actually fill out the report, if I could just double-check that description that you had- It was hardly a description. Fill out boxes "A," "B," "C" and "D. I can appreciate all the reports you must have to fill out. Well, you may be right, sir, but you didn't ask me to fill out a card on him or anything like that.

CLEAN OUT
1. To rid of dirt, rubbish, or impurities. 2. To empty of contents or occupants. 3. To drive or force out: cleaned out the incompetent workers. 4. To deprive completely of money or material wealth: The robbery cleaned us out.
to clean out a kitchen cupboard/ stable мыть буфет на кухне, чистить конюшню. We were cleaned out (in gambling) мы проигрались в пух и прах. I'm cleaned out after buying the car я на мели после покупки машины. They told me to clean out his locker. It cleaned you out to raise the ransom. I cleaned out my desk already and the darkroom. It's a funny thing, I found him cleaning out his desk too.

CLEAR OUT
To leave a place, usually quickly.
to clear out a cupboard пробираться в шкафу. I've had enough and I'm clearing out (leaving family, etc. ) с меня довольно—я ухожу. You'd better clear out before my father sees you тебе лучше уйти, пока мой отец тебя не увидел. Chances are they'll get the money and clear out quickly - so I wouldn't worry. I didn't clear out till 3am. Lieutenant, Crime Lab's clearing out.

CLIP OUT
To cut something so that it is no longer attached to something else, often a publication (such as a magazine or newspaper). A noun or pronoun can be used between "clip" and "out. " I clipped some coupons out but totally forgot to bring them to the store with me.
Even if someone did clip out a section of that tape. . . I also found the spot on the tape. . . that you clipped out before. I clipped out a piece of it. . .

CARRY OUT
1. To put into practice or effect: carry out a new policy. 2. To follow or obey: carry out instructions. 3. To bring to a conclusion; accomplish: carried out the mission successfully.
to carry out a threat/one's intentions исполнять угрозу, осуществлять свой намерения. to carry out а promise/instructions выполнить обещание/приказы. to carry out a sentence проводить приговор в исполнение. to carry out tests проводить испытания. I'm surprised you don't beat me unconscious so you can carry me out so I don't cause trouble. The robbery must be carried out at 2:00 a.

BRING OUT

1. a. To reveal or expose: brought out the facts. b. To introduce (a debutante) to society. 2. To produce or publish: bring out a new book. 3. To nurture and develop (a quality, for example) to best advantage: You bring out the best in me.
He brought out his wallet он вынул бумажник. She brings out the best in him она пробуждает в нем все самое лучшее. to bring out a new book издавать новую книгу. The Ford company is shortly bringing out a new model автомобильная компания Форда скоро выпустит новую модель машины. The lecturer brought out clearly the differences between. . . лектор ясно показал разницу между. . . They'll bring out a pump. Your brother's check, that $ 5,000 check, I meant to bring it out this afternoon.

BREAK OUT
1. To become affected with a skin eruption, such as pimples. 2. To develop suddenly and forcefully: Fighting broke out in the prison cells. 3. To ready for action or use: Break out the rifles! To bring forth for consumption: Let's break out the champagne. 4. To emerge or escape. 5. To be separable or classifiable into categories, as data. 6. To isolate (information) from a large body of data.
Cholera has broken out вспыхнула эпидемия холеры. My face has broken out in a rash у меня все лицо покрылось сыпью. A fierce argument broke out завязался горячий спор. to break out a flag развертывать знамя. She broke out into abuse она разразилась руганью. to break out of prison бежать из тюрьмы. No, he probably misplaced it or broke it out in the fields somewhere. Broke out a couple of hours ago. A fire has broken out in the paint room.
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#323

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 102. Частица out (продолжение)

И последняя порция с out.


CHECK OUT
1. To settle one's bill and leave a hotel or other place of lodging. 2. To withdraw (an item) after recording the withdrawal: check out books. 3. To record and total up the prices of and receive payment for (items being purchased) at a retail store: The cashier checked out and bagged my order.
check out выписываться (из гостиницы). to ckeck out of a hotel расплачиваться в гостинице. are you checking out today вы сегодня уезжаете? I checked the new restaurant out as soon as it opened. And you can check that out with her husband. Call her, check it out. I want to check something out. Be sure to check out everything.

FIND OUT
1. to gain knowledge of (something); learn: he found out what he wanted. 2. to detect the crime, deception, etc, of (someone)
I'll find out where the station is я узнаю, где станция. to find out the truth — узнать правду. to find smb out разоблачать кого-л. The real sin is to get found out не пойман—не вор. But they will find out. Did you find out anything? I can find my way out. And if you find out anything, let me know. One other thing that I did find out.

FIGURE OUT
1. To discover or decide: Let's figure out a way to help. 2. To solve or decipher: Can you figure out this puzzle?
to figure out expenses подсчитывать расходы. I can't figure it out я не могу этого понять. I can't figure him out я не могу его раскусить. And I couldn't figure that out. I can't figure this thing out. I'll be damned if I can figure out how she did it. I couldn't figure out why it was removed.

HELP OUT
1. to assist or aid (someone), esp by sharing the burden. 2. to share the burden or cost of something with (another person)
She helped out the soup/the meat она разлила суп/она разложила мясо по тарелкам. When my mother was ill Granny helped out когда мама заболела, (нам) помогала бабушка. I wonder if you could help me out with this thing here. That helped me out. No, I'm just helping out temporarily.

LOOK OUT
To be watchful or careful; take care: If you don't look out, you may fall on the ice. We looked out for each other on the trip.
I'll look out some clothes for him я подыщу ему одежду. Look out, it's slippery смотри, тут скользко. Let's look out for him давайте посмотрим, может, увидим его. Rudy would've wanted us to look out for her interests. We have a device, you know, in television, where you can also look out.

WAIT OUT
To delay until the termination of: wait out a war; waited out the miniskirt craze.
Well, maybe I'll just wait out here. I got the car waiting out here, sir. Thackery, we've got hungry people waiting out there.

HOLD OUT
1. To present or offer: She held out the possibility that she might run for office. 2. To continue to be in supply or service; last: How long can our food hold out? 3. To continue to resist: The defending garrison held out for a month. 4. To refuse to reach an agreement or insist on certain demands: The union held out for a better raise.
She held out her hand она подала/протянула руку. The doctor doesn't hold out much hope of her recovery у врача мало надежды на ее выздоровление. As long as our food holds out пока не кончатся запасы еды/ продо¬вольствия. The garrison can't hold out much longer гарнизон долго не продержится. We must hold out for our demands/a better price нужно отстаивать наши требования, нужно настаивать на более выгодной цене. You're holding out on us. And he held out one item because he wanted it for himself.

WASH OUT
1. a. To remove or be removed by washing. b. To cause to fade by laundering: color that had been washed out by bleach. 2. To carry or wear away or be carried or worn away by the action of moving water: The river rose and washed out the dam. The road has washed out five miles down the mountain. 3. To deplete or become depleted of vitality: By evening, I was washed out from overwork. 4. To eliminate or be eliminated as unsatisfactory: a football player who was washed out; an officer candidate who washed out after one month. 5. To cause (an event) to be rained out.
I washed out my tights/the bottles я постирала колготки/ я вымыл бутылки. The raft was washed out to sea плот унесло течением в море. Rain washed out play из-за дождя игра была приостановлена. She looks washed out у неё утомлённый/измождённый вид. Where'd they put you after you washed out as a cadet?

WATCH OUT
To be careful or on the alert; take care.
Watch out for that junction box. Watch out for that peak. Watch out with that.

WORK OUT
1. To accomplish by work or effort: worked out a compromise. 2. To find a solution for; solve: worked out the equations; worked out their personal differences. 3. To formulate or develop: work out a plan. 4. To discharge (an obligation or debt) with labor in place of money. 5. To prove successful, effective, or satisfactory: The new strategy may not work out. 6. To have a specified result: The ratio works out to an odd number. It worked out that everyone left on the same train. 7. To engage in strenuous exercise for physical conditioning. 8. To exhaust (a mine, for example).
to work out a theory разрабатывать теорию. to work out an agreement/plan составлять договор, вырабатывать план. We must work out what we want to say нам надо обдумать, что нам сказать. to work out a problem решать проблему. to work out the cost of smth/ the position of a ship вычислять стоимость чего-л/местонахождение корабля. Let her work things out for herself пусть сама во всём разберется. I tried to work out what she meant я пытался понять, что она имела в виду. The mine has been worked out этот рудник истощён. The cost of a new door will work out at £100 новая дверь обойдётся в сто фунтов. Your share works out at £5 с тебя пять фунтов. I don't know how it/their marriage will work out не знаю, что из этого получится/, как сложится их семейная жизнь; He said he was about to work out. I'm afraid it didn't work out too well, sir. It's just some pros that like to work out together. He's working out in the gym.

И, повторюсь, не все такие сочетания считаются "фразовыми", например основное значение check out (Get information about or inspect something to see if it's satisfactory) некоторые словари могут и вообще не давать, так как оно буквальное, не идиоматическое.
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#324

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 103. Частица out (продолжение)

И в качестве примера, скажем, break out.

1. To become affected with a skin eruption, such as pimples.
2. To develop suddenly and forcefully: Fighting broke out in the prison cells.
3. To ready for action or use: Break out the rifles! To bring forth for consumption: Let's break out the champagne.
4. To emerge or escape.
5. To be separable or classifiable into categories, as data.
6. To isolate (information) from a large body of data.

Break out in: sweat heavily, develop skin sores or irritation. . The measles caused me to break out in a rash.
Break out of: escape. A prisoners broke out of Wandsworth Prison last night.
Break out: start (war, conflict). They're worried that war will break out.

cholera has broken out вспыхнула эпидемия холеры;
my face has broken out in a rash у меня все лицо покрылось сыпью;
a fierce argument broke out завязался горячий спор;
to break out a flag развертывать знамя;
she broke out into abuse она разразилась руганью;
to break out of prison бежать из тюрьмы.

(1) Буквальное значение очевидно – что-то вроде "выламывать(ся) наружу". Отсюда и 'to break out of prison'.
(2) Основным вторым, вероятно, можно считать "энергично начаться".
(3) Что-то быстро достать (ружья, например), развернуть (знамя) или открыть (шампанское).
(4) И медицинский термин – появление сыпи или пота.

---

И сочетания, которые образовались из таких составных глаголов:

blow-out разрыв: we had a blow-out у нас лопнула шина; there's been a blow-out somewhere где-то перегорели пробки.
buy-out выкуп.
check-out касса; контроль.
drop-out: he can't settle to anything—he's becoming a drop-out он ничем по-настоящему не интересуется—становится просто бездельником.
hang-out местожительство, местопребывание.
look-out наблюдательный пост/ пункт; наблюдатель; he's on the look-out for talent он ищет таланты; it's a poor look-out for the harvest/ for us виды на урожай плохие, для нас перспективы нерадостные; that's his look-out это его дело.
print-out распечатка.
pull-out вклейка, вкладка.
share-out дележ.
try-out проба, репетиция; испытание, проверка
wash-out полинявший; лишенный сил; бледный: the concert was a wash-out концерт прошёл неудачно; he's a wash-out он пустое место.
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#325

Сообщение JamesTheBond »

Unit 104. Частица on
Теперь пара on/off.

COME ON
1. To convey a particular personal image: comes on as an old-fashioned reactionary. 2. (Slang) To show sexual interest in someone: trying to come on to me during the party. 3. a. To progress or advance in increments: Darkness came on after seven. b. To begin in small increments or by degrees: Sleet came on after one o'clock. 4. To hurry up; move rapidly. Often used in the imperative: Would you please come on! We'll be late! 5. To stop an inappropriate behavior; abandon a position or an attitude; be obliging. Used chiefly in the imperative: You've used the same feeble excuse for weeks. Come on!
it came on to rain пошел дождь. The work is coming on nicely работа хорошо продвигается. to come on to the stage выходить на сцену. Come on, pull yourself together! а ну, соберись! Come on! (in disbelief) да что ты!, ты шутишь!

GET ON
1. To be or continue on harmonious terms: gets on well with the neighbors. 2. To manage or fare: How are you getting on?3. To make progress; continue: get on with a performance. 4. To grow old: The CEO is getting on and will retire soon. 5. To acquire understanding or knowledge: got on to the con game.
Get your coat on! надень пальто! I cannot get the lid on я не могу надеть крышку. The teacher got his pupils on well учитель хорошо подготовил своих учеников. I must be getting on мне пора идти. (=get along) time is getting on время идет, (it's late) уже поздно. It's getting on for suppertime скоро ужин. He's getting on for forty ему скоро сорок. There were getting on for 100 people at the reception на приеме было около ста человек. to get on in the world преуспеть в жизни. How are you getting on? как вы поживаете? как дела? He is getting on well at school он хорошо учится. I get on on my own perfectly well я прекрасно справляюсь один. I got on to this by chance я узнал об этом случайно. They get on well они прекрасно ладят. She is getting on а) она делает успехи б) она стареет.
GET ON WITH
To continue or resume doing (something); make progress regarding: We must get on with the project.
He is easy to get on with с ним легко ладить. Let's get on with it.

GO ON
1. To take place; happen: didn't know what was going on. 2. To continue: Life must go on. 3. To keep on doing (something): Don't go on talking. 4. To proceed: She went on to become a senator. 5. Informal To talk volubly: My, you do go on.
Afterwards I went on working потом я снова сел за работу. I'm ready to go on trying я готов продолжать попытки. "Yes", she went on, "I'll come" «Да,—продолжала она,—я приду». He went on to say that. . . затем/потом он сказал, что. . . How long can this go on? и сколько может это продолжаться/длиться? She got stonter as the years went on она пополнела с годами. I'd better go on, you can come later я лучше пойду, а ты приходи позже. I've enough work to be going on with пока у меня до¬статочно работы. It's going on for 6 o'clock скоро шесть часов. He's going on for 40 ему под сорок. What's going on here? что здесь происхо¬дит? The lights went on again свет опять зажегся. There's no real evidence to go on нет достаточ¬ных оснований. She will go on about money у нее только и разговору что о деньгах. I could go on and on, but I suggest that we leave it where it is.

HANG ON
1. To cling tightly to something. 2. To continue persistently; persevere: We'll finish if we can just hang on. 3. To keep a telephone connection open. 4. To wait for a short period of time.
He hung on to my hand/(fig) to the idea он держал меня за руку, он ухватился за эту идею. Hang on a moment подожди минутку. Just hold on one second, gentlemen.
HANG ON TO
To hold firmly; keep fast: Hang on to your money.
I'm hanging on to the ring I found я храню кольцо, которое нашел.

KEEP ON
1. to continue or persist in (doing something): keep on running. 2. (tr) to continue to wear3. (tr) to continue to employ: the firm kept on only ten men. 4. (foll by: about) to persist in talking (about) 5. (foll by: at) to nag (a person)
I kept my coat on я не сни¬мал пальто. Keep the lid on не снимайте крышку. They kept him on for another year они продержали его там еще год. He's keeping the (hotel) room (on) for another week он оставил за собой номер еще на неделю. they won't keep you on after 60 они уволят вас, когда вам исполнится 60. keep your shirt/hair on![/b] не нервничай! спокой¬нее! He kept on reading он продолжал читать. He kept on falling он постоянно падал; to keep on fire поддерживать огонь. he will keep on about his adventures in Africa он прожужжит нам все уши о своих приключениях в Афри¬ке. The teacher kept on and on about good behaviour, as usual Учитель все говорил и говорил о хорошем поведении, как обычно. The rain kept on all day дождь шел весь день; She kept on till the job was finished[/b] она работала, пока все не закончила. I kept on looking, and, you know, I found this.

PIN ON
To attribute (a crime) to (someone): The murder was pinned on the wrong suspect.
I simply went into my dressing room, pinned on my flower after the concert and left.

PUT ON
1. To clothe oneself with; don: put on a coat; put socks on. 2. To apply; activate: put on the brakes. 3. To assume affectedly: put on an English accent. 4. (Slang) To tease or mislead (another): You're putting me on! 5. To add: put on weight. 6. To produce; perform: put on a variety show.
Put your coat on надень пальто. He put his clothes on он оделся. to put on weight/ speed прибавлять вес /ходу. They put on another two goals in the second half они забили еще два гола во втором тайме. She's not offended, she's just putting it on она не обиделась—(она) просто делает вид/притворяется, что обижена. His illness is put on его болезнь—одно притворство. Her modesty is just put on ее скромность напускная. to put on airs важничать. to put on an act (a brave face) делать вид. ломаться, манерничать. Put on the lights/kettle/potatoes включи свет, поставь чайник/картошку. to put on a record ставить пластинку. to put on the brakes тормозить. (organize, etc. ) to put on a play/display ставить пьесу, организовывать показ. to put on an extra train давать дополнительный поезд. They put on a special bus for us они нам дали автобус. he put me on to a good doctor он связал меня с хорошим врачом. Who /what put you on to that? кто тебе это сказал? что тебя навело на эту мысль? I was put onto him at once меня сразу же соединили с ним. Bertie must have put on a record on after I left. And then he put on a wig and he added a moustache and a beard and some glasses. You're putting me on. That chick that you put me on to, she brought her little sister along.

TAKE ON
1. To undertake or begin to handle: took on extra responsibilities. To oppose in competition: a wrestler who took on all comers. 2. To hire; engage: took on more workers during the harvest. 3. To assume or acquire as one's own: Over the years he has taken on a doleful look. 4. To display violent or passionate emotion: Don't take on so!
to take on extra work/an extra secretary взять дополнительную работу/еще одного секретаря. We've taken him on for three months trial мы взяли/приняли его на трехмесячный испытательный срок. He takes on too much он слишком много берет на себя. His words took on a new meaning его слова приобрели новый смысл. to take smb on at chess/ draughts сразиться с кем-л в шахматы/в шашки. The government should be wary of taking on the unions правительство должно остерегаться столкновения с профсоюзами. He could take on the lot of them single-handed он один мог бы справиться с ними со всеми. Don't take on so! не волнуйся! When was the last time this agency took on a new account?

TURN ON
1. To cause to begin the operation, activity, or flow of: Turn on the light bulb. 2. To begin to display, employ, or exude: turn on the charm. 3. (Slang) a. To take or cause to take a mind-altering drug, especially for the first time. b. To be or cause to become interested, pleasurably excited, or stimulated. Often used with to: My aunt turned me on to jazz. She turned on to surfing this summer. c. To excite or become excited sexually .
He left the tap turned on он оставил кран открытым. Lieutenant, would you kindly turn on your windshield wipers? And in the middle of all that excitement, you turn on a tape recorder. Frank, better turn on the lights.

Гораздо чаще on употребляется как предлог, но некоторые такие сочетания тоже вполне "популярны".
Последний раз редактировалось JamesTheBond 16 авг 2022, 11:09, всего редактировалось 2 раза.
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